1. Stryer Short Course Chapter 2
Water and Weak Bonds
Stryer Short Course
Chapter 2

2. Water
Polarity
Medium for Brownian motion
Solvent

3. Intermolecular Forces
Electrostatic: Ionic
Permanent dipole
H-bonding
Van der Walls
Not true categories…

4. H-bonding 1/10 the strength of some covalent bonds Donor/acceptor
~2.3 H-bonds/ water molecule

5. Transient Interactions
Intermediate strength of H-bonds key to function
Changes in structure, association

6. Solvation Of Ions
Dielectric constant
Solvation shell
Solvent/solute

7. Hydrophobic Effect
Exclusion of nonpolar substances from aqueous solution
DG = DH – TDS
Cage-like structure of water minimized upon aggregation
Powerful structural determination

8. Structure of Biomolecules
Increased order in protein
Decreased order overall
How?

9. Amphipathic Compounds
Structures determined by hydrophobic effect
Micelles
Bilayer
Vesicle

10. Functional Groups

11. Functional Groups

12. Autoionization of Water
Proton jumping: faster than diffusion limit

13. Kw, The Ion Product of Water

14. Reciprocal Relationship

15. pH of Neutral Water

16. pH of Solutions
If acid is added to water, the concentration of hydronium increases and pH decreases
If base is added to water, the concentration of hydronium decreases (ion product of water) and the pH increases
Addition of MORE acid vs. addition of a STRONGER acid

17. Strong Acid Complete dissociation
What is the pH of a 0.01 M HCl solution?
You add a drop of HCl to make a 1 x 10-8 M solution. What is the pH?
What is your assumption?

18. Weak Acids
Strong
Weak

19. Weak Acid Dissociation Constants
Weak acids have low [pdts], therefore low Ka
Low Ka = high pKa
Weaker acids have __________ Ka values and __________ pKas

21. Henderson-Hasselbalch
Proton Acceptor
Proton Donor

22. Qualitative Understanding
Relationship of
Solution pH
Strength of acid
Ratio of CB to CA
Solve quantitatively, but understand qualitatively

23. What is/are the major ionization state(s) for succinic acid at pH 3
What is/are the major ionization state(s) for succinic acid at pH 3.2, 4.2, 5.2, and 6.2?

25. Understand Figures
Be able to explain what is happening as you trace the line from left to right in this figure.
Key Tool in biochemistry:
Buffer

26. Buffers

29. Buffer Capacity Depends on pKa of CA/CB mix
Depends on concentration of CA/CB

31. Polyprotic Acids
Must be able to match the pKa with the appropriate proton
Assumptions are legitimate if the pKa values are more than ~3 units from each other

32. Blood Buffer
Physiological pH 7.4
Closed vs. Open systems
Acidosis

33. Kidney Function
Kidneys fight acidosis caused by common metabolic processes
Reclaims excreted bicarbonate by excreting acid
Forms new bicarb by CO2 producing metabolism