2. I.Why Reproduce? A. To Pass Along DNA B. To Populate Species

3. II. All Living Things Reproduce III. Two Reproduction Types A. Asexual – requires only one parent B. Sexual – requires both a male and female parent

4. IV. Asexual Reproduction A. Budding – growing of a smaller version of the organism off the parent B.Fission -adult organism splits in half.

5. C. Parthenogenesis – the developing of the egg without the addition of sperm from a male.

6. D.Fragmentation/Regeneration 1.Fragmentation - the body breaks into several pieces and then forms a whole new organism. (Coral) 2. Regeneration – organism repairs itself or damaged parts. (Lizards’ tails)

7. E. Advantages & Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction 1. Advantage – only need one parent organism to reproduce; reproduction occurs quickly 2. Disadvantage – stifles genetic variation thus all bad traits are passed along.

8. V. Sexual Reproduction A.Formation of a new individual following the union of one gamete from one parent with the gamete from the other parent. 1. Male gamete – sperm 2. Female gamete - egg

9. B. Hermaphrodite –parent is both male and female. 1. Common in flowering plants, worms, and snails 2. When it occurs in animals, the animals are sterile.

10. C. Mouth Brooding – the fertilized eggs are incubated in the mouth (usually of the female)

11. D. Fertilization During Sexual Reproduction Occurs in Two Ways: 1. External Fertilization – parents release gametes into environment (SPAWNING) 2. Internal Fertilization – sperm is placed inside female’s body by the male

12. E. Advantages & Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction 1. Advantage – recombination of genes through both parents DNA 2. Disadvantage – egg has to come in direct contact with the sperm

13. F. Advantages & Disadvantages of External Fertilization 1. Advantage – close contact by parents not needed; less energy spent 2. Many of the eggs and sperm do not survive.

14. G. Advantages & Disadvantages of Internal Fertilization 1. Advantage – only a few sperm and eggs are needed to be made. 2. High energy cost in finding a mate and mating

15. H. Sexual Selection 1. Definition – ability of individual to choose a mate. 2. Driven by competition 3. Females are choosy 4. Sexual Dimorphism (male and female markedly different)