1. President Andrew Jackson

2. First Known Painting of Jackson, 1815

3. General Jackson During the Seminole Wars

4. Background of Jackson War Hero Creek Wars (1813 -1814)
Battle of New Orleans (1815)
Seminole Wars ( )
Champion of “the People”
Congressman, Senator, and Governor of Tennessee
Self-Made Millionaire

5. The Election of 1824 Candidates
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
Henry Clay
William Crawford
Jackson wins the most popular votes (43% and electoral votes (38%); House will decide the winner

7. “The Corrupt Bargain”
Three days before the House vote, JQA and Clay meet; Clay then endorses Adams for president
Clay then becomes Secretary of State, “corrupt bargain” alleged; Jackson vows to overturn political system

8. The Election in the House of Representatives of 1825

9. The Adams Administration
Problems as president: Lacked political skills
Last of the aristocratic, elite presidents
Unproductive, constantly opposed by Jackson’s supporters in the Congress
Never accepted by many Americans as president

10. The Adams Administration
1828 Tariff (“Tariff of Abominations”): raised tariff on many items bought by southerners
Opposed by VP John C. Calhoun of S. Carolina

11. The “Common Man’s” Presidential Candidate

12. The Election of 1828 Rematch between Adams and Jackson
One of the dirtiest elections in history
The “Coffin Handbill”: accuses Jackson of committing murder during the War of 1812; also accuses him of murder during the acquisition of Florida

13. The Election of 1828
Accusations against Rachel Jackson of bigamy; true or not?
Jackson never forgives Clay or Adams for not stopping attacks on his wife; her death impacts the way he governs as president

14. The Election of 1828

15. White House Inauguration, March, 1829

16. Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man”
Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege.
His heart & soul was with the “plain folk.”
Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

17. Jackson as President
Governs with emotion; often let passion get in the way of reason
Loved by most, hated by many
Nationalist, opposed sectionalism
Expansive use of presidential power
Made the presidency the center of government

18. Political Innovations
The use of the veto: use for other than “constitutional” reasons
The spoils system: rotating govt. jobs among supporters
The “Kitchen Cabinet”: group of “advisors”, mostly wartime friends and Tennessee cronies

19. Jackson’s Use of Federal Power
VETO
1830  Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]

20. The “Peggy Eaton Affair”
Wife of Cabinet member John Eaton; supposed scandalous past led to gossip among wives of other Cabinet members

21. Fallout From the “Peggy Eaton Affair”
Jackson demands apologies from Cabinet; all resign except Martin Van Buren
Calhoun resigns as VP,
returns as SC Senator
Eatons leave Washington

22. The Nullification Crisis of 1832
Causes:
The “Tariff of Abominations”
Growing Sectionalism between North and South
Political conflicts between Jackson and Calhoun

23. The Compromise Tariff of 1833
Possible military action against South Carolina
Compromise tariff passed by Henry Clay
Conflict avoided; impact upon 1832 election

24. 1832 Election Clay vs. Jackson Rise of third parties:
the Anti-Masonic Party
Innovations:
the platform
the convention method of nominating candidates
William Wirt

25. 1832 Election Results
Main Issues:
Tariff and
“King Andrew”

26. An 1832 Cartoon
“King Andrew”

27. Jackson vs. the Indians
Jackson’s policy: removal to Indian Territory (Oklahoma); land necessary for white expansion
1830  Indian Removal Act
Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) “domestic dependent nation”
Worcester v. GA (1832)
Jackson: John Marshall has
made his decision,
now let him enforce it!

28. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

29. Indian Removal

30. The Trail of Tears

31. Jackson’s Attitude Toward the Indians
“Protector and Defender” of the Indians
Adopts Indian and raises him as his son
Moving Indians for “their own safety”

32. Jackson vs. the Second Bank of the United States

33. Reasons For Opposition to the Bank
felt that coin was the only safe currency.
didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes.
suspicious of expansion & speculation.
intense dislike for Director Nicholas Biddle
state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely.

34. Jackson Destroys the BUS
1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd Bank of the United States.
Government money put in “pet banks”; state banks run by Jackson supporters
1836  the charter expired.

35. The “Monster” Is Destroyed!

36. Results of the Jackson’s Actions
Economy begins to decline; results in the “Panic of 1837”
Jackson censured by the Senate for his handling of government money
Banking instability for the rest of the 19th century
The “Species Circular”

37. The Specie Circular (1836) Designed to restrain “wildcat banks.”
Can buy future federal land only with gold or silver.
Jackson’s goal:
prevent paper currency issue by wildcat banks

38. Results of the Specie Circular
Banknotes lose their value.
Land sales plummeted.
Credit not available.
Businesses began to fail.
Unemployment rose.
The Panic of 1837!

39. TEXAS!
Mexican ownership of the area; allows entrepreneurs like Stephen F. Austin to settle Texas

40. Causes of the Texas Revolution:
Santa Anna begins enforcement of Mexican laws
Secret support from pro-slavery
factions
Secret support from Jackson
i.e. $$$, weapons and
Sam Houston
Illegal immigration from
the United States

41. March 2, 1836:
The Texas Declaration of Independence

42. Texas Declaration of Independence

43. The Alamo

44. The Battle of the Alamo

45. Davey Crockett’s Last Stand

46. Remember the Alamo! (Don’t forget to visit the gift shop!)

47. San Jacinto
April 21st, 1836
Santa Anna surrenders wearing uniform of a private
Reneges on promises upon return to Mexico
Jackson threatens retaliation if TX is invaded

48. The Republic of Texas

49. The Formation of the Whigs
Made up of:
Northern industrialists
Southern planters
nationalists
evangelicals
#1 factor:
opposed to Jackson

50. The 1836 Election Results
Martin Van Buren
“Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

51. Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844 (one year before his death)

52. Martin Van Buren and the Panic of 1837
Destruction of the BUS
Collapse of the “wildcat” banks
Farm foreclosures
Van Buren blamed for the Panic
Causes of the Panic:

53. The 1840 Election Van Buren (D) vs. Harrison (W)
Harrison made to look like poor Western farmer and war hero
“Log Cabins and Hard Cider”
“Tippecanoe and Tyler, too!”