1. Plate tectonics A Layered Earth

2. Classifying the layers by composition Crust –Oceanic crust –Continental crust Mantle Core

3. Classifying the layers by physical properties Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mantle Core

4. Isostatic equilibrium –buoyancy Source of Internal heat –Radioactive decay Conduction convection

5. The Evidence for layering Earth quakes –Primary and secondary seismic waves –Shadow zones

6. Continental Drift –Pangaea –panthalassa

7. Seafloor spreading Subduction zones Plate tectonics

8. Plate Boundaries Divergent plate boundaries –mid Atlantic ridgemid Atlantic ridge Convergent plate boundaries Transform plate boundaries

9. Divergent plate boundaries Ocean – Ocean Continent - Continent

10. Convergent plate boundaries Ocean – Ocean –Island arcIsland arc Ocean – Continent Continent - Continent

11. Confirmation of Plate Tectonics Paleomagnetism Apparent Polar wandering Hot spots Atolls and Guyots Age and distribution of sediments Terranes