1. Bones of the Skeleton

2. 2 Divisions:

3. 28. Axial Skeleton A. Purpose – protect vital organs and hold body upright B. Includes - skull, vertebral columns, rib cage

4. Skull C. Made up of 22 Bones: – Facial bones = 14 – Cranium =8

5. a. Cranium – bones that enclose the brain

6. Cranial bones Frontal – (1) forms the forehead frontal

7. Cranial bones Parietal – (2) forms most of top and sides of head parietal

8. Cranial bones Occipital – (1) forms back of head occipital

9. Cranial bones Temporal – (2) temporal

10. Cranial bones Sphenoid – (1) keystone of cranium, butterfly shape sphenoid

11. Cranial bones Ethmoid – (1) internal bone that forms nasal cavity ethmoid

12. Review

13. c. Facial bones – bones not enclosing the brain

14. Facial bones Mandible – (1) lower jaw, only moveable face bone mandible

15. Facial bones Maxillae – (2) upper jaw maxillae

16. Facial bones Zygomatic – (2) cheekbones zygomatic

17. Facial bones Nasal – (2) bridge of the nose nasal

18. Facial bones Lacrimal – (2) medial wall of eye lacrimal

19. Facial bones Vomer – (1) nasal septum vomer

20. Facial bones Palantine – (2) hard palate of mouth

21. Facial bones Inferior nasal concha – (2) lateral walls of nasal cavity Inferior nasal concha

22. Review

23. Vertebral Column D. (spine) 28 inches long, contains 26 bones

24. 5 Divisions

25. Cervical vertebrae – 7 bones of neck

26. Thoracic vertebrae – 12 bones of upper back

27. Lumbar vertebrae – 5 bones of lower back

28. Sacrum – 5 fused vertebrae

29. Coccyx – 4 fused vertebrae, tail bone

30. Issues with the spine Kyphosis – hunchback – exaggerated thoracic curve

31. Issues with the spine Lordosis - exaggerated lumbar curvature

32. Issues with the spine Scoliosis: abnormal lateral curvature (side to side)

33. Ribcage E. Made of sternum and ribs

34. Sternum a. Breast bone, 3 fused bones

36. Ribs – 12 pair

37. True ribs – 1-7 attach to sternum by costal cartilages False ribs – 8-12 attach indirectly or not at all to sternum – Floating ribs – 11-12 no anterior attachment

38. 29. Appendicular Skeleton A. Purpose – enables most movement B. Includes - pectoral and pelvic girdle, limbs, hands and feet

39. Pectoral girdle C. Connects upper limbs (arms) to axial skeleton

40. a. Clavicle – (2) thin collar bone

41. b. Scapula – (2) flat shoulder blades

42. Upper limb a. Humerus – (2) arm bone

43. Upper limb b. Ulna – (2) pinky side, makes up elbow

44. Upper limb c. Radius – (2) thumb side, supports wrist

45. Hand a. Carpals – (16) wrist bones, 8 each hand

46. Hand b. Metacarpals – (10) hand bones, 5 each hand

47. Hand c. Phalanges – (28) finger bones, 14 each hand

48. Pelvic girdle F. Connects lower limbs (legs) to axial skeleton, coxal bones (hip bone)

49. a. Ilium – superior region of coxal

50. b. Ischium – inferior region, part we sit on

51. c. Pubis – anterior region

52. Male vs. Female

53. Male or Female Angle > 90 or < 90 degrees Sacrum forward or backward Pelvic Outlet Small or Large

54. Male or Female Angle > 90 or < 90 degrees Sacrum forward or backward Pelvic Outlet Small or Large

55. Lower limb a. Femur – thigh bone, longest, largest, strongest bone in body

56. Lower limb b. Patella – knee cap

57. Lower limb c. Tibia – shin bone

58. Lower limb d. Fibula – stick like, does not bear weight

59. Foot a. Tarsals – (14) ankle bones, 7 each foot

60. Foot b. Metatarsals – (10) foot bones, 5 each foot

61. Foot c. Phalanges – (28) toe bones, 14 each foot

62. Review