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Functions BUS 782
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What are functions? Functions are prewritten formulas. We use functions to perform calculations. Enclose arguments within parentheses. Arguments are values on which you want to perform the calculation. Example: PMT function
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Types of Functions Built-in functions: –Financial –Date & time –Math & statistical –Database –Lookup –Logical –Text –Etc.
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Examples of Using Math Functions: Quotient and Mod Quotient: Quotient(Dividend, Divisor) Remainder function: MOD(Dividend, Divisor)
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Return the Smallest Number of Coins Examples: 26 cents: 1 Q, 1 P 57 cents: 2 Q, 1 N, 2 P 63 cents: 2 Q, 1 D, 3 P
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Statistical Functions Sum, Average, Max, Min, Count –Ignore text and logical values. Can have many arguments: =SUM(A1:A3, 12, B3:B7)
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Examples of Using Statistical Functions Compute each student’s: Best score, Lowest score, exam average Average of the best 3 scores Average of the best 2 scores
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Large(Data range, kth value) Returns the k-th largest value in a range. Average of the best two exams: –=(Large(B2:E2,1) + Large(B2:E2,2))/2
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Average Excluding the Highest and the lowest Scores
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Text Functions Lower(text): Lower(“David”) -> “david” Upper(text): Upper(“David”) -> “DAVID” Proper(text): The first letter in each word in uppercase and other in lower case
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Date & Time Functions How Excel handles dates: –Serial #: 1/1/1900 – day 1 Functions: –Today() – today’s date –Now() – current date and time –Year(a date) –Month(a date) –Weekday(a date)
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Examples Tomorrow’s date? How many days to July 4 th ? Compute the age given a date of birth.
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If Function Determine action based on condition
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Examples Simple condition: –If total sales exceeds $300 then applies 5% discount; otherwise, no discount. More than one condition: Taxable Income < =3000 no tax 3000 < taxable income <= 10000 5% tax 10000 < taxable income <= 5000010% tax Taxable income > 5000015% tax Complex condition: –If an applicant’s GPA > 3.0 and SAT > 1200: admitted
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Comparison Less than: < Less than or equal: <= Greater than: > Greater than or equal: >= Equal: = Not equal: <> –At least: >= –At most: <= –No more than: <= –No less than: >= A comparison returns True/False. –Example:
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IF Function =IF(condition, ValueIfTrue,ValueIfFalse) Example: –Tuition: If total units <= 12, then tuition = 1200 »Otherwise, tuition = 1200 + 200 per additional unit
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Example: Tax rate is based on married status: –Single: 15% –Married: 10%
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Example: Compute weekly wage. Overtime hours are paid 50% more than the regular pay.
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Example: A restaurant charges service fee based on this rule: 15% of the check amount with a minimum of $2.
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Exercises 1. How to determine an integer entered in a cell is an even number or an odd number? 2. The average of two exams is calculated by this rule: 60% * higher score + 40% * lower score. 3. An Internet service provider offers a service plan that charges customer based on this rule: The first 20 hours: $10 Each additional hour: $1.5
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Nested IF
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Example: –Rules to determine bonus: JobCode = 1, Bonus=500 JobCode = 2, Bonus = 700 JobCode = 3, Bonus = 1000 –In C2: If(B2=1, 500, If(B2=2, 700, 1000))
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JobCode= 1 Or <> =1 JobCode=2 Or <> 2 1 2 3
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Example Electric Company charges customers based on KiloWatt-Hour used. The rules are: –First 100 KH,20 cents per KH –Each of the next 200 KH (up to 300 KH), (100 < KH <= 300), 30 cents per KH –All KH over 300, 40 cents per KH
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What if we have more than 3 conditions Example: Bonus –JobCode = 1, Bonus = 500 –JobCode = 2, Bonus = 600 –JobCode = 3, Bonus = 700 –JobCode = 4, Bonus = 800 –JobCode = 5, Bonus = 1000 –… Other functions: –Table lookup
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Example State University calculates students tuition based on the following rules: –State residents: Total units taken <=12, tuition = 1200 Total units taken > 12, tuition = 1200 + 200 per additional unit. –Non residents: Total units taken <= 9, tuition = 3000 Total units taken > 9, tuition = 3000 + 500 per additional unit.
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Resident or Not Units <= 12 or Not Units <= 9 or Not
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