1. 22 Production and Evaluation of Dental Radiographs

2. 2 Producing Quality Radiographs Preparing for exposure During film exposure Patient exposure After exposure

3. 3 Types of Film Exposures Periapical Bite-wing Occlusal

4. 4 Intraoral Techniques Bisecting technique –Central ray Aligned perpendicular to an imaginary line Bisects angle created by length of tooth and film packet

5. 5 Intraoral Techniques Paralleling technique –Film packet and long axis of teeth must be parallel –Central ray is positioned perpendicular to parallel line formed by teeth and film

6. 6 Intraoral Techniques Full mouth survey –Adults require 14 periapical and 4 bite-wing

7. 7 Intraoral Techniques Bite-wing series –Routine part of dental exam –May be taken as horizontal or vertical films

8. 8 Positioning for Maxillary Arch

9. 9

10. 10 Positioning for Maxillary Arch

11. 11 Positioning for Maxillary Arch

12. 12 Positioning for Mandibular Arch

13. 13 Positioning for Mandibular Arch

14. 14 Positioning for Mandibular Arch

15. 15 Positioning for Mandibular Arch

16. 16 Positioning for Mandibular Arch

17. 17 Positioning for Mandibular Arch

18. 18 Producing Special Radiographs Occlusal Pediatric Edentulous Endodontic Special needs

19. 19 Processing Quality Radiographs Manual Processing –Equipment –Preparation –Technique –Solutions

20. 20 Processing Quality Radiographs Automatic processing –Solutions –Care of machine

21. 21 Mounting Radiographs Labial mounting Lingual mounting

22. 22 Common Errors Distortion

23. 23 Common Errors Elongation

24. 24 Common Errors Foreshortening

25. 25 Common Errors Overlapping

26. 26 Common Errors Cone Cutting

27. 27 Common Errors Clear Film

28. 28 Common Errors Double Exposure

29. 29 Common Errors Blurred Image

30. 30 Common Errors Underexposed Film

31. 31 Common Errors Overexposed Film

32. 32 Common Errors Radiopaque film images

33. 33 Common Errors Backward Film

34. 34 Film Processing Errors Light film Dark film Fogged film Partial image Film artifacts Torn or scratched film Air bubbles on film Reticulation Streaks

35. 35 Legal Implications Part of the patient record Property of the dentist

36. 36 Quality Assurance Darkroom –Filters coincide with film –White light leak prevention Perform a “coin test” X-ray machine –Solution, water temp, processing time Keep a log book!