1. The pharynx

2. Anatomy of The pharynx Site Midline of the neck From skull base to esophagus In front of upper 6 Cervical vertebra Behind : The Nose The Mouth The larynx Seen from behind

4. Shape Shape Irregular Fibromuscular tube lined by mucous membrane Length: 15 cm

5. Relation

6. Anterior surface of the pharynx

7. the pharynx Compartments Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx (Hypopharynx) Seen from behind

8. Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx (Hypopharynx) Seen from lateral

9. Muscles of the pharynx Circular muscles: Superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles. Longitudinal muscles: stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus All muscles of the pharynx innerveated by cranial root of accessory nerve except stylopharyngeus which is supplied by glossopharyngeus nerve

10. Extention

11. Three constrictor cricopharyngeus stylopharyngeus

14. Nasopharynx - Behind the nasal cavity -Extends from skull Base superiorly to the soft palate inferiorly - Communicates inferiorly with the oropharynx through the pharyngeal isthmus -The nasopharyngeal tonsil lies in the roof -The pharyngeal opening of ET lies in the lateral wall

15. Nasopharynx (important landmarks) The pharyngeal isthmus Opening of auditory tube and tubal elevation The salpingopharyngeal fold

17. Nasopharynx

19. Oropharynx Behind the oral cavity (in front of 2 nd &3 rd Cervical vertebra) From the soft palate superiorly to tip of epiglottis inferiorly Communicates: Anteriorly with the oral cavity Superiorly with the nasopharynx Inferiorly with the laryngopharynx The paatine tonsils lie laterally between the anterior and posterior pilars

20. Oropharynx (lateral wall)

21. Median epiglottis fold vallecula lateral epiglottis fold The floor

22. laryngopharynx Behind the Larynx (in front of 3 rd to 6th Cervical vertebra) From the tip of epiglottis superiorly to the lower border of cricoid cartilage Inferiorly Communicates: - Anteriorly with the Larynx - Superiorly with the oropharynx - Inferiorly with the esophagus

23. The hypopharynx does not only lie behind the larynx BUT also Projects laterally on each side of the larynx So it is formed of : - Postcricoid region ( behind the larynx) - Two pyriform fossa (on each side of the larynx Seen from behind Cross section

24. laryngopharynx

29. Blood supply

30. What is Waldeyer’s ring? The lymphoid tissue in the pharyngeal aponeurosis aggregates in some areas forming tonsils : 1-one nasopharyngeal tonsil 2- two palatine tonsils 3- two lingual tonsils 4-two tubal tonsils

31. Lymph drainage

32. Nerve supply

33. Nerve Supply Motor --- ► XI Except : Stylopharyngeus -- ► IX Sensory -- ► -Nasopharynx: V -Oropharynx: IX -Laryngopharynx: X Autonomic : - sympathetic: SCG - Parasympathetic: through VII

34. Palatine tonsils 1.Defintion 2.Site 3.Covering 4.Variability in size 5.Blood supply 6.Lymph drainage

35. The anterior pillar formed by palatoglossus muscle The posterior pillar formed By palatopharyngeus m The tonsils lie between the Two pillars