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BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations BASIC STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS.

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Presentation on theme: "BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations BASIC STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS."— Presentation transcript:

1 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations BASIC STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS

2 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Introduction Bridge members must be able to carry loads applied to them. This presentation considers: –How loads are applied to members –How bridge members are stressed by loads –How bridge materials resist stress

3 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Beams STA 61+314.300 C Brg. Abut 2 C Pier 2C Pier 1 C Brg. Abut 1 12.000 12.200 STA 61+307.300STA 61+295.100 STA 61+283.100 EL. 587.065 EL. 586.844 EL. 586.646 EL. 586.478 Pier Cap (Continuous Beam) Pipe Piles (Columns) SC-510 Girders (Simple Beams)

4 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Simple Beams Load Reaction

5 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Continuous Beams 13.442 11.9320.755 5.966 1.00 0.02 1.00 0.02 SC-510 GIRDERS (SIMPLE BEAMS) PIER CAP (CONTINUOUS BEAM) Typical Cross Section

6 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Continuous Beams Load Reaction Load Reaction

7 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Columns and Hangers 13.442 11.9320.755 5.966 1.00 0.02 1.00 0.02 SC-510 GIRDERS (SIMPLE BEAMS) PIER CAP (CONTINUOUS BEAM) Typical Cross Section PIPE PILES (COLUMNS) STRUTS (COLUMNS)

8 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Columns and Hangers Load Reaction Load Reaction ColumnHanger

9 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stresses What is a stress? –Loads cause stresses –Stresses are the internal forces How to calculate stress? 200 100 40000 N Stress = Force/Area = 40000/200x100 = 2MPa

10 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Types of Applied Stresses STRESS PLANE FORCE Tensile Stress

11 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Types of Applied Stresses STRESS PLANE FORCE Compressive Stress

12 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Types of Applied Stresses FORCE Bending Stress FORCE

13 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Types of Applied Stresses Shear Stress FORCE STRESS PLANE

14 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Hangers – Tension Stress FORCE Tension Stresses

15 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Columns – Compression Stress FORCE Compression Stresses

16 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Columns – Buckling Slender Column Stocky Column

17 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Simple Beams - Curvature Positive Curvature

18 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Continuous Beams - Curvature Positive Curvature Positive Curvature Negative Curvature

19 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Simple Beams – Bending Stresses Bending Stresses

20 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Continuous Beams – Bending Stresses Bending Stresses

21 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Beams – Horizontal Shear Stress Horizontal Shear Stress

22 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Beams – Horizontal Shear Stress

23 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Beams – Vertical Shear Stress Shear Stresses

24 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Beams – Vertical Shear Stress Tension Stresses

25 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Strain It is described as the amount of deformation. It denotes the ratio of material’s deformed dimension to its original dimension. L ΔLΔL Strain = ΔL/L

26 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Deformation & Modulus of Elasticity Elastic Deformation - It is reversible distortion of a material. Plastic Deformation – It is the irreversible distortion of a material. Modulus of Elasticity (E) = Stress/Strain

27 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Steel SHORTENLENGTHEN TENSION COMPRESSION YIELD STRESS

28 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Steel KINK

29 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Buckling of Steel Members Steel members are normally made up of slender components. Slender compression members are susceptible to buckling. Mis-aligned member in compression lowers the load at which it buckles.

30 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Concrete SHORTENLENGTHEN TENSION COMPRESSION STRESS

31 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Concrete TENSION CRACK

32 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Concrete TENSION CRACK (Typ) REINFORCING STEEL

33 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Concrete SHEAR CRACK (Typ) REINFORCING STEEL TENSION CRACKS

34 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Concrete CONCRETE BEAM HIGH STRENGTH STEEL

35 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Concrete CONCRETE BEAM DEFLECTED UPWARD HIGH STRENGTH STEEL

36 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Prestressed Concrete C T T T C T C C C

37 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Timber

38 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Timber TENSION CRACK INITIATED AT KNOT

39 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Timber HORIZONTAL SHEAR CRACK

40 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations Stress in Timber CRUSHING AT SUPPORTS TIMBER CAPS TIMBER PILES TIMBER BEAM

41 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course Bridge Structural Considerations END

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