1. West Texas After the Civil War Unit 7.1: (Chapter 17 Section 1)

2. Native Americans Control the West (pages 390–391) ► By 1866 most American Indians had been removed from eastern Texas. However, many tribes still roamed west Texas. ► Federal soldiers left western Texas to fight in the Civil War, leaving the western regions vulnerable to attack. ► Settlers in West Texas were defenseless, and some moved east to safer areas.

4. Native Americans Control the West (text pages 390–391) ► To prevent further attacks, federal soldiers were stationed in West Texas. ► Forts were built too far apart, and there were not enough soldiers (WRITE THIS IN) to prevent Indian attacks. ► American Indians had advantages because they knew the territory.

5. Herman Lehmann Chief Herman Lehmann before moving to Reservation… Herman Lehmann after move to Reservation…

6. The Search for Peace (pages 391–392) ► In 1867 the Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek was signed. Terms of the Treaty included: 1- American Indians agreed to live on reservations in Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma). 2- Federal government would provide food and supplies, but 3- Federal troops would not be allowed on Reservations. 4- Indians would agree to stop making raids on Anglo American settlements.

7. The Search for Peace (pages 391–392) ► Many federal agents assigned by President Grant were Quakers, who did not believe in violence. ► Quaker Lawrie Tatum, the agent in Indian Territory, worked to educate the Plains people in agriculture so they could live in the Anglo world.

8. Lawrie Tatum

9. The Peace Policy Fails (pages 392–393) ► Peace did not come to western Texas because many Native American leaders did not sign the treaty. ► About one-half of the Comanches and many Kiowas refused to move to reservations.

10. The Peace Policy Fails (pages 392–393) ► Kiowa chief Satanta insisted that West Texas belonged to the Comanches and Kiowas. ► Known as the “Orator of the Plains”... ► he believed that without the buffalo, they could not survive on reservations.

11. The Peace Policy Fails (pages 392–393) ► Chiefs who Refused to sign the Peace Policy: ► 1- Satanta - Kiowa ► 2- Lone Wolf - Kiowa ► 3- Ten Bears - Comanche ► 4- Quanah Parker – Comanche ► 5- Victorio - Apache ► Chiefs who Agreed to sign the Peace Policy: ► Kicking Bird – Kiowa ► Horseback – Kiowa ► Striking Eagle – Kiowa

12. The Peace Policy Fails (pages 392–393) ► Kiowa chief Lone Wolf called for war. ► Ten Bears, a Comanche chief, argued that his people must be allowed to roam freely over the plains

13. The Peace Policy Fails (pages 392–393) ► Comanche chief Quanah Parker, son of Peta Nocona and Anglo American woman Cynthia Ann Parker ► Cynthia had been captured by Comanches as a child; her son Quanah, spent 10 years raiding Anglo settlers trying to stop the spread of Anglo settlements.

14. Cynthia Ann Parker Quanah Parker