1. Chapter 3 Cells Lecture Outline
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2. Outline History of Cell Theory Modern Microscopes
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
Cell Structure and Communication
Cell Components
Cellular Reproduction

3. History of Cell Theory 1665 - Cells discovered by Robert Hooke.
(1838)
** VIRUSES DUE NOT HAVE CELLS. Are they ALIVE?

4. Modern Microscopes
Light Microscopes - Increase magnification as ____________ passes through a series of ____________.
Compound Microscopes:
Distinguishes 2 micrometers and larger
Magnifies 1500x
Dissecting Microscopes (Scanning Microscopes)
Three-dimensional viewing of opaque objects
Magnifies 30x

5. EUKARYOTIC VERSUS PROKARYOTIC CELLS
ALL CELLS HAVE:
CLASSIFIFICATION BY TYPE OF CELLS:
Prokaryotes - Cells lack a ______________________
Type of Organisms = _________
Eukaryotic - Cells contain a ____________________
Type of Organisms ________________________
Organelles - Membrane-bound bodies found which each have a particular function within eukaryotic cells
PLANTS– have ___________

6. Cell Structure and Communication in Plants
Cell Wall surrounds protoplasm.
Protoplasm = _____________________ = Cell (Plasma) Membrane & Cytoplasm.
Bound by plasma membrane
Cytoplasm consists of all cellular components between the _________________________________.
Cytosol - _________________________
Organelles - ______________________
Most, but not all, are bound by membranes.

7. PLANT CELL
Drawing of plant cell

8. Higher plants--length between 10-100 mm m
Cell Size
Higher plants--length between mm m
Cell of Plant, Elodea

9. CELL WALL FUNCTION: ________________________
STRUCTURE: Main biochemical is?
Also contains:
Hemicellulose – function = __________________
Pectin - _________________________________
Glycoproteins ____________________________

10. primary walls Middle lamella Secondary walls: first part produced;
Contains: ____________________________
LOCATION: __________________________
Shared by: ____________________
primary walls
Secondary cell wall structure
Secondary walls:
What cells have & why? _______________
Additional component: _______________
Location ___________

11. COMMUNICATION THROUGH CELL WALLS
Plasmodesmata = _____________________
FUNCTION: ____________________________

12. PLASMA MEMBRANE Plasma Membrane:
FUNCTIONS: ________________________________
Biochemical Composed of: ________________
Orientation of double layer
OTHER COMPONENTS: ____________________
Fluid mosaic model _________________________

13. Nucleus: NUCLEUS FUNCTIONS: STRUCTURE Nuclear Envelope: Nuclear Pores:
Nucleoplasm
plant cell

14. Nucleoli - Composed primarily of RNA
Chromatin Strands
Composed of:
Become:

15. Chromosomes Chromatids = Centromeres = Kinetochore = protein complex
location =
Spindle fibers (made of microtubules): function =

16. RIBOSOMES
Ribosomes
COMPOSITION:
STRUCTURE:
FUNCTIONS:

17. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Structure:
2 Types
Drawing of plant cell

18. Rough ER: has
FUNCTIONS:
Smooth ER
Endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes

19. MICROBODIES, VESSICLES:
Structure:
EXAMPLES
Transport
Peroxisomes - Serve in Hot conditions
Dictyosome

20. VACUOLES– Central Vacuole: 90% water Tonoplast: Cell Sap:
Contains dissolved substances
FUNCTIONS:
Anthocyanins (red, blue, purple)

22. DICTYOSOMES
Dictyosomes, Golgi Apparatus
STRUCTURE:
FUNCTIONS:

23. EXPORT OF Substances in VESICLES Migrate Fuse Secrete
Examples: cell wall components, nectars, and oils .
Dictyosome

24. Drawing of a mitochondrion
MITOCHONDRIA
Mitochondria– Overall Function:
STRUCTURE
Cristae.
Matrix
AEROBIC RESPIRATION: C6H12O6 + O2 -
CO2 + H2O + ENERGY
ATP
Drawing of a mitochondrion

25. Cytoskeleton: CYTOSKELETON General Function: Microtubules: TYPES
Functions:
Move cellulose for:
Cell Wall

26. Microtubules … Microfilaments - Role in cytoplasmic streaming
- Functions …
Found in flagella and cilia for:
Found in spindles for: in
Microfilaments - Role in cytoplasmic streaming

27. PLASTIDS Plastids = CHLOROPLASTS: STRUCTURE: Membrane
Grana and thylakoids
TEM and drawing of chloroplast structure

28. TEM and drawing of chloroplast structure
Structure … Stroma: Small circular DNA molecule: Replication: EQUATION: CO2 + H2O + Light Energy + Chlorophyll -- C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O

29. CHROMOPLASTS LEUCOPLASTS Plastids … Structure Function: Amyloplasts:
Chromoplasts in red pepper cells
CHROMOPLASTS
Structure
Function:
LEUCOPLASTS
Amyloplasts:
Elaioplasts:
Amyloplasts in Potato cells

30. Cellular Reproduction & The Cell Cycle
Divided into:
ONION ROOT TIP– with cells in various stages of Interphase and phases of Mitosis

31. Interphase: Amount of Life Cycle? STAGES G1 = 1ST GROWTH:
S = SYNTHESIS:
G2 = 2nd GROWTH:
Interphase & Mitosis in Onion Root Cells

32. Mitosis = MITOSIS Produces: number of cells Location in Plants:
Is a continuous process-- 4 phases:

33. Prophase Chromosomes Spindle fibers collectively spindle
Nuclear envelope and
nucleolus:

34. Prophase
Metaphase
Metaphase
Chromosomes align:

35. Anaphase Spindle fibers: Chromosomes & Sister chromatids:
Daughter Chromosomes.
Anaphase

36. Telophase Nuclear envelope & Nucleoli: Daughter chromosomes:
Spindle fibers:
Telophase
Cytokinesis:
cell plate:
Cell plate formation

37. Review History of Cell Theory Modern Microscopes
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
Cell Structure and Communication
Cell Components
Cellular Reproduction

38. Onion Root

39. Elodea Leaf