1. Declaration of Independence

2.  Learning Goal:  Students will be able to explain the origins of American Government  Objectives  Identify key people and their contributions to America  Explain the role of the French and Indian War on American Independence  Discuss actions taken by the British and the American colonist responses  Analyze the Declaration of Independence

3. Vocabulary  Charter – A legal document giving certain rights to a person or company  Colony - A settlement in a new area.  Export – goods or resources sent to market outside of a country  Joint-stock companies – privately owned company that sells stock or partial ownership in the company to investors.  Import – goods or resources produces outside of a country and brought in for sale  Mercantilism – colonies exist to benefit their mother country

4. Virginia - 1607  Jamestown – 1 st successful English settlement  Made a profit in trade  John Smith  John Rolfe - tobacco

5. Massachusetts – Plymouth 1620  William Bradford  Religious Freedom for Separatists ( Pilgrims )  Mayflower Compact Mayflower Compact

9. The French and Indian War  1754 to 1763 war fought over the land in America between the English and French. 1754 to 1763 war fought over the land in America between the English and French.  It was called the Seven Years War in Europe.  Called the French and Indian War because the Indians helped the French in the war against the British. The Indians had nothing to lose. The British were taking their land, the French were not.  The British won, but at a cost a lot of money.

10. Join, or Die Political Cartoon by Benjamin Franklin A political cartoon calling for American colonies to band together for protection against Indians and the French. First published in the Pennsylvania Gazette on May 9, 1754.

11. Royal Proclamation of 1763  Forbid colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains.  Created to protect colonists from the Indians  Many colonists reacted with anger toward the Proclamation. They did not like being told what to do or where they could live.

12. Taxes  French and Indian War cost a lot of money.  Parliament (the British government) decided to tax to colonies to help pay for it.  The first tax was the Sugar Act of 1764. It placed a tax on molasses and sugar imported by the colonies.  Stamp Act of 1765 placed a tax on all printed material, such as newspapers and playing cards.  This tax upset the colonists even more.

13. No Taxation without Representation  The colonists claimed “no taxation without representation” because they were being taxed but had no vote in Parliament and had no say in how the colonies were being governed.  The colonists started a boycott, or a refusal to buy certain goods, from the British.

14. American political cartoon showing a man aiming a gun at a man representing colonial America; He tells a British member of Parliament, "I give you that man's money for my use", to which the American responds by saying, "I will not be robbed". Boston is burning in the background.

15. Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty  Samuel Adams led the protests in Boston against the taxes.  He began a secret society called the Sons of Liberty.

16. Tar and Feather  The Sons of Liberty used violence to scare off the tax collectors.  The Stamp Act was repealed (to do away with) because of all the protests.

17. The Boston Massacre  Colonial men were shouting insults at the British soldiers.  They started throwing things, probably snow balls and rocks.  Someone yelled “fire” and the Red Coats (what the British soldiers were called) shot.  Five colonists were killed. These were the first Americans killed in the War for Independence.  Sam Adams started calling the incident the Boston Massacre. He used the incident to get more people angry at the British.

19. Tea Act  Parliament gave the East India Trading company exclusive rights to trade tea in the colonies. Tea was the most important beverage in the colonies.  The colonists decided to boycott all British tea.

21. The Boston Tea Party  Colonists dressed up like Mohawk Indians and boarded three British ships full of tea.  The colonists dumped all the tea into the Boston harbor, about 90,000 pounds.  King George III was furious!  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0q3_51AD3tg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0q3_51AD3tg

24. More Tea Parties  Boston was not the only city to have a “tea party.”  They took place in Charleston, New York, Annapolis, and others. The burning of the Peggy Stewart in Annapolis.

25. Edenton Tea Party  The Edenton Tea Party was one of the earliest organized women’s political actions in United States history. The women joined in the boycott of British tea.

26. The Intolerable Acts  Also known as the Coercive Acts.  Laws passed to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party.  The port of Boston was closed until the tea was paid for.  The Quartering Act was put into place which forced colonists to quarter, or house and supply British soldiers.

27. Political cartoon showing the reaction to the Boston Tea Party

28. First Continental Congress  A group of important men met to discuss the crisis in the colonies.  Militias were set up. (citizen soldiers)

29. The “Shot Heard Round the World”  British soldiers in Boston were sent to capture the militias weapons.  Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Israel Bissell warned the colonists that, “The Red Coats are coming.”  British troops marched to Concord to capture colonial leaders and the ammunition and weapons that were stored there.  The first two battles of the American Revolution were fought at Lexington and Concord, when the American militia met up with British forces.

30. The Second Continental Congress  The Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia to discuss the next move of the colonists.  Appointed George Washington as commander of the colonial army.  Created the Olive Branch Petition  War with Great Britain was imminent.

32. Common Sense  Common Sense, written by Thomas Paine was a pamphlet that encouraged colonists to declare independence from Great Britain.  Common Sense was very influential because it was read by many people.

33. The Declaration of Independence  The United States first needed to declare independence from Great Britain.  Thomas Jefferson, at the young age of 33, wrote the Declaration of Independence.  The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776.  That is why we celebrate Independence Day on July 4th.  This is the day that the United States of America declared their independence from King George and Great Britain.

35. Benjamin Franklin  Benjamin Franklin, one of the most famous men in the world, was sent to France to ask for military aid as well as a loan.  And the war was on!

36. Declaration of Independence  The Preamble The Declaration of Independence has four parts. The Preamble explains why the Continental Congress drew up the Declaration. When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

37. Declaration of Independence  The second part, the Declaration of Natural Rights, states that people have certain basic rights and that government should protect those rights. John Locke’s ideas strongly influenced this part. In 1690 Locke wrote that government was based on the consent of the people and that people had the right to rebel if the government did not uphold their right to life, liberty, and property  We hold these truths to be self- evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,

38. Declaration of Independence  List of Grievances The third part of the Declaration lists the colonists’ complaints against the British government. Notice that King George III is singled out for blame.  He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good  He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people  He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.

39. Declaration of Independence  Resolution of Independence The Final section declares that the colonies are “Free and Independent States” with the full power to make war, to form alliances, and to trade with other countries.  We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved

40. Assignment  The Declaration of Independence was a break up letter to England. This would be the beginning of the first time a colony will separate itself from a mother country.  Your assignment is to write a break up letter to England. Make sure you explain all the reasons you can no longer be with them. 2 paragraphs of 5 sentences each minimum. Write as neatly as possible!