1. Overview of Problems in the Republic that Politicians Took Advantage of… Agricultural System MigrationCivil WarsCurrency Wide spread slavery, from the new territories, put small farmers out of business. Soldiers lost their land when they went to war. Small farmers and the unemployed move to the cities. This led to an overflow of people in the cities. Julius Caesar defeats Pompey. Octavian and Marc Anthony defeat the Republic. Octavian Caesar defeats Marc Anthony. Addition of new territories with different currencies, causes prices in Rome to rise quickly.

2. Octavian Caesar and Marc Anthony Octavian was Julius Caesars nephew, who he had named his heir. Marc Anthony was Julius Caesar’s best general. The two joined forces to hunt down those who killed Julius Caesar. In doing so, they fought and defeated the entire Republic.

3. Who will Rule Rome in Place of the Republic? After they defeat the republic, Octavian and Marc Anthony fight each other for control Rome. Marc Anthony flees to Egypt and falls in love with Cleopatra who aids in the fight.

4. Marc Anthony and Cleopatra Octavian defeats Marc Anthony and Cleopatra. Both Marc Anthony and Cleopatra commit suicide as a result.

5. Octavian Becomes Augustus The people name him Priceps or “First Citizen.” This gave him absolute power. Augustus builds a stable government by keeping a senate and securing allegiances with the provinces with the promise of self-government.

6. New Reforms To make a fair tax system, he ordered the population to be counted (census). He created a universal coin system. He put the unemployed to work with building roads, temples, and grand structures.

7. Who Would Rule Next? Augustus’s system of government remained for 200 years. Romans did not believe in passing power down to a son, so successors were politicians. Assassinations became a common way to change rulers. This became known as the time of the Roman Empire under the rule of Emperors.

8. The Good, the Bad, and the Very Bad… Examples of Being a Bad Emperor: Caligula named his favorite horse as a consul Caligula made two floating palaces on Lake Nemi Nero killed his brothers and sisters to be named Emperor Nero set fires in Rome to kill the unemployed, but then blamed it on the Christians Examples of Being a Good Emperor: Hadrian codified the laws to make Roman citizens in all parts of the Empire. Hadrian built a wall across Britain to prevent barbarian invasion.

9. Panem et Circenses (Bread and Circuses) All was paid for by the tax payer. Food, war, and entertainment cost the Empire the most money. “Two things only the people anxiously desire – bread and circuses” Usually, how much an Emperor was loved or hated depended on how much food and entertainment they provided the citizens.

10. Exit Ticket: Answer the following question on a sheet of notebook paper: What events contributed to the decline of the Roman Republic, as well as the rise of the Roman Empire?