1. Remote sensing of land surface temperature Lecture 8

2. Thermal infrared of EM spectrum 0.7  m 3.0  m 100  m  All objects have a temperature above absolute zero (0 K) emit EM energy (in 3.0-100 µm). Human being has normal 98.6 ºF (37 ºC)  Our eyes are only sensitive to visible energy (0.4-0.7 µm). Human sense thermal energy through touch. while detectors (sensors) are sensitive to all EM spectrum.  All objects (vegetation, soil, rock, water, concrete, etc) selectively absorb solar short- wavelength energy and radiate thermal infrared energy. Details about thermal remote sensing refers to another lectureanother lecture For this lecture and lab, we focus on MODIS LST processing and application

3. Brightness temperature, and physical (surface) temperature  Through radiance recorded by a remote sensor, if we use the Planck equation, we can get a temperature, which we call brightness temperature T b, which is less than the real physical (or surface) temperature T. h, Planck’s constant =6.626 x 10 -34 Ws 2 T, Kelvin (K) c, 3 x 10 8 m/s k, Boltzmann’s constant=1.38 x 10 -23 Ws/K L or B, radiance (Wm -2 μm -1 ) c1=2πhc 2 =3.74 x 10 -16 Wm 2 c2=ch/k=0.0144 mK

4. MODIS land surface temperature and emissivity product led by Dr. Wan http://www.icess.ucsb.edu/modis/modis-lst.html Wan et al. 2002

5. The accuracy of temperature is better than 1 K, Wan (2008)

9. Xie and Ytuarte, 2005 Urban Heat Island of San Antonio downtown area detected by MODIS temperature product 1:30 am, July 15, 2004

10. Dallas-Fort Worth Houston El Paso/Juarez San Antonio

11. 10:30 am 1:30 pm San Antonio 2000-2008 2002-2008

12. 10:30 pm 1:30 am San Antonio 2000-2008 2002-2008

13. Black areas are no date, due to cloud cover. So this image should not use

14. The Delaunay triangulation method is available under ENVI, at Topographic/Replace Bad Values

15. David Prado thesis, 2010

23. Source: Jeff Dozier

24. Active fire detection: MODIS fire and thermal anomalies products Image caption: Fires in the Bahamas, Florida and Cuba (03 April 2004, 18:30 UTC) identified using MODIS Aqua and outlined in red on the MODIS 1km corrected reflectance product http://modis-fire.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.asp