1.  Key Assumption ◦ People know ◦ Deviation: a conscious decision

2.  “The Effective Environment” ◦ Actual circumstances ◦ & interpretation

3.  Biography ◦ Our social background  Effective environment & biography shape: ◦ Affinity ◦ Willingness

4.  Everyday life: ◦ where we are now  Role of others ◦ Friends: role models ◦ Provide reasons, rationales ◦ Support

5.  Commitment ◦ Commitment to conform, P of deviance ◦ Inverse relationship  Hirschi  Definition of self ◦ “Am I the kind of person that would do that?”

6.  Deciding to deviate ◦ Overcoming moral constraints  Techniques of neutralization, again (Sykes & Matza)

7.  Metaphor of the Ledger: (Klockars, 1974) ◦ one bad act in an otherwise good record  Claim of Normality: (Henry, 1978) ◦ yes, it's illegal, but...  Rule’s moral significance is trivialized  Denial of Negative Intent (Moss, 1990) ◦ Acknowledge harm, but claim that the harm was not intentional  "just having fun", "never meant for it to go so far"

8.  Claim of Relative Acceptability (Moss, 1990) ◦ others' behavior is worse than the action in question

9.  Willingness is NOT commitment  Willingness has to be renewed (people change) ◦ People aren't deviant for all time ◦ Biography is always in the making

10.  People evaluate their deviant experience ◦ Good? bad?  Motives (affect decision initially and whether to continue) ◦$◦$ ◦ Recreation ◦ Status

11.  Motives (cont’d) ◦ Political  protest; desire to change meanings ◦ Problem-Solving  Moral emotions: humiliation, indignance  To maintain in a stressful situation  Self-help ◦ Interpersonal/Social  The deviance maintains a relationship

12.  Emphasis on “Agency” and Choice ◦ Irony: Common ground with Classical Theory  BUT – ◦ Still focused on moral entrepreneurs and agents of control