1. Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) ***Geography***

2. Constantinople The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire was changed to Constantinople to provide political, economic, and military advantages. Black and Mediterranean seas positioned well for trade (crossroads of trade). Strategic location – connecting Europe and Asia.

4. Military Advantages It was easier to defend its borders than Rome’s. Protection of the eastern frontier. It was distant from Germanic invasions in the western empire. Easily fortified site on a peninsula bordering natural harbor.

5. New Rome The role of Constantinople as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire was of great importance. Was a seat of the Byzantine Empire until Ottoman conquest. Preserved classical Greco- Roman culture.