1. Warm up What impact did the Peloponnesian War have on the rise and fall of Athens and Sparta?

2. Ancient Greece Alexander the Great and Hellenism

3. Key Terms Hellenism Alexandria

4. Alexander the Great Became king of Macedonia at age 20 Prepared to lead Tutored by Aristotle Knowledge of science, geography, and literature Kept copy of The Iliad under his pillow for inspiration

5. Alexander’s Goals Fulfill his father’s wishes First goal was to invade Persia Led 35,000 soldiers into Persia to defeat the Persians at Granicus Darius III, king of Persia, was shocked and raised army of about 75,000

6. Defeat of Persians Alexander defeated Persians again at Issus Alexander now had control of Anatolia Darius offered Alexander a peace settlement that would give 1/3 of Persian empire to Alexander Alexander turned it down, knowing he would be able to get more

7. Alexandria Alexander moved into Persian controlled Egypt Welcomed by Egyptians as a liberator Did not have to fight Crowned pharaoh Created city of Alexandria on the Nile River, to be cultural center.

8. Alexander to Mesopotamia After taking Egypt, Alexander moved into Mesopotamia Fought Darius and his army of 250,000 at Gaugamela and won Now controlled many wealthy areas of Persia, including Babylon Burned city of Persepolis as revenge for burning of Athens

9. Death of Darius III Alexander the Great followed Darius to the Caspian see When he found Darius, he had already been murdered Alexander ordered the murders to be caught and killed

10. Alexander in India After taking most of Mesopotamia, he made his way into the Indus Valley His troops won battle at Hydaspes River, but wanted to return home and did not want to fight anymore Had fought for 11 years and traveled 11,000 miles

11. Death of Alexander Took his men back to Babylon Kept trying to unite his huge empire Died of malaria in Babylon at age of 32

12. Hellenistic Culture Blending of Greek culture with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures Spoke same language of koine Center of Hellenistic world was Alexandria Egypt

13. Hellenistic Achievements Astronomy Aristrachus believed sun was 300x larger than earth and Earth and other planets revolved around the sun (refused to support this theory) Ptolemy believed Earth was center of solar system (excepted theory for 14 centuries) Eratosthenes calculated size of Earth at 24,662 miles Actual size is 24,860 miles

14. Mathematics Euclid wrote book “The Elements” which studies Geometry Still use this as basis for geometry courses

15. Mathematics and Physics Archimedes created the value of pi to find circumference of a circle Also invented the lever and pulley system and catapult

16. Reflection What impact did Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic culture have on modern society today?