1. Instruction grammar Present Perfect

2. Form: basic rule  I have laughed…  You have listened…  He has talked…  She has liked…  It has rained…  We have talked…  You have earned…  They have gained…  I + have + verb + ed  You + have + verb + ed  He + has + verb + ed  She + has + verb + ed  It + has + verb + ed  We + have + verb + ed  You + have + verb + ed  They + have + verb + ed

3. Basic rule ‘Have’ or ‘has’ + verb + ed

4. Exception: irregular verbs  I have taught…  You have been…  He has drawn…  She has wept…  It has worn…  We have written…  You have put…  They have read…  I + have + irregular verb  you + have + irregular verb  he + has + irregular verb  she + has + irregular verb  it + has + irregular verb  we + have + irregular verb  you + have + irregular verb  they + have + irregular verb

5. Rule for irregular verbs ‘Have’ or ‘has’ + irregular verb

6. Questions: form  Have I listened…?  Have you answered correctly?  Has he worked hard?  Has she watched the news?  Has it worked well?  Have we planned well?  Have you missed anything?  Have they organized it all?  Have + I + verb + ed  Have + you + verb + ed  Has + he + verb + ed  Has + she + verb + ed  Has + it + verb + ed  Have + we + verb + ed  Have + you + verb + ed  Have + they + verb + ed

7. Rule ‘Have’ of ‘has’ + subject + verb + ing Or ‘Have’ or ‘has’ + subject + irregular verb

8. Negatives: form  I haven’t had lunch yet.  You haven’t poured the drinks.  He hasn’t worked there.  She hasn’t listened at all.  It hasn’t worked well.  We haven’t planned this.  You haven’t watched tv.  They haven’t joined us.  I + have + not + verb + ed  you + have + not + verb + ed  he + has + not + verb + ed  she + has + not + verb + ed  it + has + not + verb + ed  we + have + not + verb + ed  you + have + not + verb + ed  They + have + not + verb + ed

9. Rule: Subject + ‘have’ or ‘has’ + not + verb + ed Or Subject + ‘have’ or ‘has’ + irregular verb

10. Most important uses  Recent action ‘I have just finished work.’ ‘The bus has just left.’  Indefinite past ‘He has studied biology.’  Past present period unfinished ‘I have worked on this project for 2 years now.’

11. Uses continued  Definite future period ‘I will wait until the program has ended at 8 o’clock.’  Indefinite future period ‘I will wait until he has finished his exam.’

12. Uses Generally speaking you use the Present Perfect to refer to: Things in the past Things that aren’t over yet Things from the recent past The future