1. Endocrine System Glands

2. Major Glands of the ES Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal Pancreas Ovaries Testes

4. Pituitary Gland Location= at the base of the cerebrum Controls= “master gland”; growth Size= of a marble Giantism- over secretion of somatotropin before puberty. Dwarfism- under secretion of somatotropin. Cause: tumor, injury, infection, genetics

6. Thyroid Gland Location- throat Controls- metabolism and calcium in blood Size- of a bar of soap Goiter- not enough iodine Hyperthyroidism Hypothryroidism

8. Parathyroid Gland Location- behind the thyroid Controls- calcium and phosphate Size= about the size of peas

9. Adrenal Glands Location- just above the kidneys Controls- salt, water, swollen joints, “fight or flight” Size= of lemons Secrets many hormones- epinephrine, norepinephrine, estrogen, testosterone

11. Pancreas Location- behind the stomach Controls- glucose in blood and cells Size= of a banana Secretes insulin, a hormone that transports glucose into cells Diabetes Mellitus- cause is a decreased secretion of insulin -Symptoms= excessive thirst, excessive urination, slow healing of skin infections - affects 21 million in US: 7% of population -an estimated 1/3 of people who have diabetes don’t know it. 1960 FDA approved the estrogen pill- suppresses the hormone in the pituitary gland so, ovulation doesn’t occur.

13. Ovaries/Testes Ovaries- produces egg cells, estrogen, and progesterone Testes- produce testosterone and sperm cells Thymus Gland Located near the heart and may play an important role in the immune system. Pineal Gland Located in the brain Controls sexual development, melatonin-sleep cycle

14. Hormones Chemical messengers carried by blood. May stimulate other glands Regulate growth, development, metabolism, and sex processes. They need a specific receptor on a specific cell to do their job.