1. Mixtures and Solutions

2. MATTER is solid liquid gas melts to freezes to evaporates to condenses to anything that has mass and takes up space can be

3. MIXTURES Two or more kinds of matter put together are solutions separated can be by filtration using sieves using magnets floating vs. sinking evaporation sorting distillation chromatography one kind of material dissolves in another made when cannot be separated by filtration which

4. MIXTURES visible parts no visible parts can have sand and water oil and vinegar iron and sand SOLUTIONS Kool-Aid ® salt and water are called like

5. Mixtures and Solutions A mixture is a combination of two or more components that are NOT chemically combined, and retain their identities. Mixtures can be physically separated. The identities of the substances DO NOT change. A homogeneous mixture is also called a solution.

6. Mixtures When a mixture’s components are easily recognizable, such as pizza, it is called a heterogeneous mixture. In a homogeneous mixture such as chocolate milk, the component particles cannot be distinguished, even though they still retain their original properties.

7. Mixtures Common Techniques for Separating Mixtures Distillation – separates a mixture based on boiling points of the component. Examples : saltwater crude oil into gasoline and kerosene Magnet – separates iron from other objects. Centrifuge – spins and separates according to densities.

8. Solutions A mixture that appears to be a single substance but is composed of particles of two or more substances that are distributed evenly amongst each other. A solution may be liquid, gaseous, or solid. Examples of solutions Liquid - seawater Gas - air Solid - alloys

9. Solutions Dissolving – The process in which particles of substances separate and spread evenly amongst each other. Solute – substance that is dissolved. A solute is soluble, or able to dissolve. A substance that is insoluble is unable to dissolve, forms a mixture that is not homogeneous, and therefore NOT a solution. Solvent – substance in which solute is dissolved.

10. Solubility The solubility of a solute is the amount of solute needed to make a saturated solution using a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature. Solubility is usually expressed in grams of solute per 100 ml of solvent (g/100ml) Three (3) methods that affect solubility –Mixing, stirring, or shaking –Heating –Crushing or grinding

11. Suspension A mixture in which particles of a material are dispersed through- out a liquid or gas but are large enough that they settle out. –Particles are insoluble, so they DO NOT dissolve in the liquid or gas. –Particles can be separated using a filter. Examples: Salad dressing Medicines that say “shake well before use”

12. Colloids A mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out. Made up of solids, liquids and gases. –E–Examples : Mayonnaise Stick deodorant milk