1. Recurrency/Transition Training Tom Johnson CFIG

2. Contents  Currency –Individual Pilot Currency –Towing/Tow Pilots –Pilot Factors –Safety Culture  Transition –Additional Launch Methods –Higher/Lower Performance Gliders –Additional Glider Rating –Log Book Endorsements –Training Syllabus –CFI Qualifications

3. Recurrency/Transition Training a.Regulatory Requirements - (FAR 61.56, 61.57, 61.31(j)) b.Flight Review c.Wings Program (expired) d.Endorsements (FAR 61.56, 61.31) e.Transition Training Syllabi f.Instructor qualifications g.Training Goals

4. Currency Requirements FAR 61.56  FAR 61.56 - Flight Review –Every 24 calendar months –1 hour of ground instruction, and –1 hour, or 3 flights, of flight training  FAR 61.57 - Recent Flight Experience –3 take-off’s and landings in Category and Class  within 90 days to carry passengers  Night and Tailwheel landings must be to a full stop  Category - airplane, rotorcraft, glider  Class - single engine, multiengine, land, water

5. Flight Review FAR 61.56  Flight Review is “NOT” a flight test  Note: the words “review” and “training”. in FAR 61.56.  Objective - Train to proficiency –Engage the applicant in the learning process  Have the student evaluate their strengths and weakness  Suggest areas to work on. –Review FAR Part 61 and 91 as appropriate –Use PTS to define standards –Make appropriate logbook entry  Advisory Circular 61.65E Appendix 1

6. Flight Review FAR 61.56  Who needs a flight review? –Everyone!  (Private, Commercial, ATP, Flight Instructor)  What category/class of aircraft is the review good for? –ALL! –A single flight review covers all ratings –CFI should evaluate the scope of his action.

7. Flight Review FAR 61.56  Alternative approaches –Obtain a new rating or certificate –New Wings Program  designed to help each pilot construct an educational curriculum suitable for their unique flight requirements. –https://www.faasafety.gov/WINGS/pppinfo/default.aspx https://www.faasafety.gov/WINGS/pppinfo/default.aspx

8. Emergency Procedures on Tow  PT3 at various altitudes –Discussion  Pre-flight questioning –What questions would you ask?  In flight questioning – What questions would you ask?  Practice at safe altitude –What is your minimum altitude for training?

9. Emergency Procedures on Landing  What do you do now? –What Emergencies can you have?  Landing Gear INOP  Spoilers INOP  Fouled Deck (for you Navy guys)  Weather  Sick Passenger  Other?  How can you prepare for these situations?

10. Currency vs. Proficiency  Definition of Currency –What is Currency?  Definition of Proficiency –What is Proficiency?  Reasons for lack of Proficiency –Prolonged period of inactivity –Fear of maneuver –Failure to prepare for the flight –Complacency –Other

11. Proficiency or Current?

12. FAR 61.69 – Glider Towing  Initial glider towing prerequisites –Holds at least a private pilot certificate with a category rating for powered aircraft –Has logged at least 100 hours of pilot-in-command time in the aircraft category, class, and type, if required, that the pilot is using to tow a glider or –Logged at least 10 flights towing a glider before May 17, 1967

13. FAR 61.69 – Glider Towing  Initial training requirements in towplane –Ground & flight training in gliders  Emergency procedures  Ground and air signals  Maximum bank angles –3 flights, real or simulated tows,  as sole operator of the controls towing a glider while accompanied by a pilot who meets these requirements (61.69, c)  If endorsing pilot has private pilot privileges must meet the requirements of 61.69 (d)(i)(ii) –Appropriate Logbook Endorsements

14. FAR 61.69 – Glider Towing  Annual recurrent training requirements –Within the preceding 12 months  Made at least 3 actual or simulated tows while accompanied by a qualified tow pilot OR  Made at least 3 flights as PIC of a glider being aero-towed

15. Pilot Factors  FAR 61.23 (b) Operations not requiring a medical certificate. A person is not required to hold a medical certificate: (1) When exercising the privileges of a pilot certificate with a glider category rating; So, when I go the glider field with my ATP, do I have to have my medical certificate with me?  FAR 61.53 (b) Operations that do not require a medical certificate. For operations provided for in §61.23(b) of this part, a person shall not act as pilot in command, or in any other capacity as a required pilot flight crewmember, while that person knows or has reason to know of any medical condition that would make the person unable to operate the aircraft in a safe manner. Who can make this decision?

16. Pilot Factors Practical Aspects  General health issues –Are you fit to fly?  Specific medical conditions –Prescription drugs? –Surgical procedures & recovery  Aging – (can’t hit the fastball anymore) –General trends – what a drag it is getting old –Reduction in motor skills -  Age 70 +  FAA eliminates Age60 rule for airline pilots –Does old age and experience really beat youth and enthusiasm?

17. Pilot Factors Aging Pilot Population  General trend –FAA stats: average age 55  Reduction in motor skills –Studies indicate no significant deterioration in motor skills until reaching age 70+. –But you don’t see many 60 year old shortstops –FAA eliminated age 60 rule for airline pilots  Increase in experience –Use your superior judgment gained from your superior experience so you do not have to use your superior piloting skills

18. Club Safety Culture  Institutionalize practices and procedures – Demand ALL pilots actively engage in safe practices  How do we do accomplish that? –Empower any pilot to hold/stop an operation  Encourage dual flying opportunities  Encourage discussion  Club Leadership MUST admit mistakes

19. Types of Transition Training  Adding a new launch method –Aerotow, Ground launch, Self launch  Moving to a higher/lower performance glider –The step down is just as big as the step up!  Additional Glider Rating

20. Types of Transition Training Additional Launch methods  CFI endorsement is all that’s required –Training syllabus so applicant knows what to study (e.g., AC 61-94 for motorgliders) –Ground school to discus new launch procedures –Flight training to practice launch procedure –logbook endorsement to finish process

21. Types of Transition Training Moving to a New Glider  Review Pilot Operating Handbook –Assembly/disassembly procedures –Weight and Balance information –Limitations and Speeds  Review aircraft systems –Radio/transponder –Vario/flight computer –GPS –Flight Controls –Canopy and Windows

22. Types of Transition Training Moving to a New Glider  Review ground/flight characteristics –Speeds  Tow, Approach & Landing  Thermaling, Inter-thermal cruising –T.O./Landing attitude  effect of tow-hook position –Pilot experience  Log book endorsements –When are endorsements required?

23. Types of Transition Training Moving to a New Glider  Prepare plan for 1 st flight –Tow height –Basic maneuvers  Stall characteristics in different configurations  Turn coordination exercises  Other maneuvers  Approach and landing considerations

24. Types of Transition Training Additional Category Rating  Adding a Glider rating –Evaluate previous experience –Introduce differences  Launch, Tow, and Release procedures  Soaring procedures  Approach and Landing procedures  Review regulatory requirements

25. Log Book Endorsements  Student pilots –Pre-solo, specify launch procedure –Post-solo –Sign student pilot certificate  Other rated pilots –Log book endorsement only –May not have an explicit expiration date  Sample endorsements –Advisory Circular 61.65E, Appendix 1

26. Training Syllabi  Improves communication between instructor and student  Should include both instructor and student components  Multiple sources available –Publications (FAA, SSA, Knauff, Piggott, Wander) –Internal club/school documents –personally developed

27. Training Syllabi  Does your club have one? –Do you keep a record of ground/flight training? –Where are the records kept and are the records reviewed by student and instructor –Do you have Lesson plans describing the training steps?

28. Training Syllabi  Does your Student know… –where to find the Training syllabus with detailed objectives? –The list of reference material provided for study? –What the Completion standards are?  PTS – Practical Test Standards  Club SOP

29. Training Goals  Ensure applicant reaches correlation stage of learning  Ensure applicant operates glider within defined safety limits  Ensure applicant enjoys the learning experience

30. Serial vs Parallel Tasks  Serial –Sequential events –Time independent  Parallel –Multiple simultaneous events –Time critical

31. When can you get proficiency training?

32. Instructor Qualifications  Current and Qualified  Current in appropriate launch procedure  Current in specific aircraft  Proficient in applicable manuvuers and Emergency procedures  Familiar with local area  Are all of these required?