1. 5.3 Fuel Switching Tripartite, Tokyo, 15 th & 16 th October 2010

2. 5.3 Fuel Switching - The need to change between Fuels IMO Requirements o North European SECA (Main Engine and Auxiliaries including boilers) o North American ECA (Main Engine and Auxiliaries including boilers) o Puerto Rico ECA (Main Engine and Auxiliaries including boilers) Regional Legislation o EU Sulphur Directive (0.1% Sulphur at Berth) (Auxiliary Engines and Boilers) o California Air Resource Board (Main Engine and Auxiliaries excluding boilers)

3. 5.3 Fuel Switching - Challenges Storage and Segregation of multiple fuel types o Vessels traditionally designed for 1 fuel type. o Transfer lines/equipment. (source of contamination) o Bunkering lines. (source of cross contamination) o Daily Use Tanks. (two or more) o System & Cylinder Oil (Lower TBN) Switching Activity o Time to change, duplication of pipelines and equipment. o Cross Contamination. o Manual Changeover/Automatic Changeover.

4. 5.3 Fuel Switching - Challenges Technical Issues o Low viscosity o Manufacturer’s Recommendations (Class Requirement) o Reduced lubricity o Increased wear o Manufacturer’s Recommendations o Temperature Changes o Thermal Shock of equipment o Pipeline flanges loosening Safety Issues o Using distillate fuel in Boilers o Flame eye’s o Purge time o Duplication of pipe work/burner

5. A Voice for Safety www.OCIMF.com Oil Companies International Marine Forum 29 Queen Anne's Gate, London, SW1H 9BU Tel: +44 (0) 20 7654 1200 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7654 1205