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Published byEmily Hodges Modified over 9 years ago
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Joints
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Joints Joints = articulations Hold bones together Provide motility *all bones except the hyoid bone form a joint with other bones
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Classification of Joints Functional = how much movement allowed Structural = type of substance in the joint
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Fibrous Joints - Immoveable Bones united by fibrous tissue Examples Cranial Sutures Teeth in sockets Figure 5.27d, e
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Cartilaginous Joints - Slightly Moveable Bones connected by cartilage Examples Pubic symphysis Intervertebral joints Figure 5.27b, c
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Synovial Joints - Moveable Articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity Synovial fluid is found in the joint cavity
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Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape
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Features of Synovial Joints (Protection) Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers the ends of bones Joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous articular capsule Have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid Ligaments reinforce the joint
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Structures Associated with the Synovial Joint (Protection) Bursae – flattened fibrous sacs Lined with synovial membranes Filled with synovial fluid Not actually part of the joint Tendon sheath Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon
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Synovial Joint - Diagram - 1
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Synovial Joint - Diagram 2
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Movements at Synovial Joints Angular Movements: There is an increase or decrease in the angle between bones Include: Flexion, Extension, Hyperextension, Abduction, and Adduction
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Movements at Synovial Joints Flexion (bend) - involves a decrease in the angle between the surfaces of articulating bones -Ex: biceps curl, bend neck to look at feet, bend trunk to touch toes, make a fist Extension (straighten) - involves an increase in the angle between the surfaces of articulating bones -Ex: arms hanging at sides, standing up, looking straight ahead, open a fist - fingers up
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Movements at Synovial Joints Hyperextension - continuation of extension beyond anatomical position -Ex: tilting head all the way back to look at sky
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Movements at Synovial Joints Abduction - movement of bone away from midline of body -Ex: spread fingers out; raise leg out to side; lift arm out at 180 degree angle Adduction - movement of bone toward midline of body -Ex: hold fingers together, stand with legs straight, arms hanging at sides
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Movements at Synovial Joints Rotation Movements - Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis; may be medial or lateral Example: turning head on neck - looking to side, shaking head no
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Movements at Synovial Joints Circumduction - A movement in which the distal end of a bone moves in a circle while the proximal end remains stable Ex: winding up and pitching a baseball
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Movements at Synovial Joints Let's Take a Look!
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The End!
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