2. Today ’ s Standard 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States. 1. Analyze why England was the first country to industrialize. country to industrialize. 2. Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change (e.g., the inventions and discoveries of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison).

3. Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations VStandards weights & measures. VEstablished technical schools. VThe government encouraged & honored inventors & inventions. VBank of France  European model providing a reliable currency.

4. French Economic Disadvantages VYears of war ) Supported the American Revolution. ) French Revolution. ) Early 19c  Napoleonic Wars VHeavy debts. VHigh unemployment  soldiers returning from the battlefronts. VFrench businessmen were afraid to take risks.

5. That Nation of Shopkeepers! -- Napoleon Bonaparte

6. Crystal Palace Exhibition: 1851 Exhibitions of the new industrial utopia.

7. Crystal Palace: Interior Exhibits

8. Crystal Palace: British Ingenuity on Display

9. Crystal Palace: American Pavilion

10. British Advantages VPolitical Stability with Glorious Rev. 1688 VAgricultural Rev VEnclosure Movement VCrop Rotation VNatural Resources VCoal VIron Ore VWell developed textiles to start

11. Mine & Forge [1840-1880] ù More powerful than water is coal. ù More powerful than wood is iron. ù Innovations make steel feasible.  “Puddling” [1820] – “pig iron.”  “Hot blast” [1829] – cheaper, purer steel.  Bessemer process [1856] – strong, flexible steel.

12. 18001 ton of coal50, 000 miners 185030 tons200, 000 miners 1880300 million tons500, 000 miners 1914250 million tons1, 200, 000 miners Coal Mining in Britain: 1800-1914

13. Young Coal Miners

14. Child Labor in the Mines Child “hurriers”

15. British Pig Iron Production Quick-Write What does this graph suggest about the production of British Pig Iron? How will it effect the economy?

16. Richard Arkwright: “ Pioneer of the Factory System ” The “Water Frame”

17. British Coin Portraying a Factory, 1812

18. Factory Production ) Concentrates production in one place [materials, labor]. ) Located near sources of power [rather than labor or markets]. ) Requires a lot of capital investment [factory, machines, etc.] more than skilled labor. ) Only 10% of English industry in 1850.

19. Textile Factory Workers in England 1813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers 1833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers 1850224, 000 looms>1 million workers

20. The Factory System × Rigid schedule. × 12-14 hour day, 6 days a week × Dangerous conditions. × Explosions × Cave-in’s × bad air × dangerous machinery × Mind-numbing monotony. Frequent loss of limbs!

21. Textile Factory Workers in England

22. Young “ Bobbin-Doffers ”

23. Short – Term Negative Effects of I.R. ) Poor living conditions – no building codes or urban planning ) Inadequate housing, education and police protection. ) Poor sanitation, increase in disease

25. John Kay ’ s “ Flying Shuttle ”

26. The Power Loom

27. James Watt ’ s Steam Engine

28. Steam Tractor

29. Steam Ship

30. An Early Steam Locomotive

31. Later Locomotives

32. The impact of Railroads 1839 - 1852

33. The Impact of the Railroad

34. “ The Great Land Serpent ”

35. Railroads on the Continent

37. 19 c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau Riche

38. Criticism of the New Bourgeoisie

39. Stereotype of the Factory Owner

40. “ Upstairs ” / “ Downstairs ” Life

41. Street Children, London 1900

42. Lunchtime for the factory boys – an editorial on the treatment of factory boys.

43. Women at Work in a London Factory

44. Child Laborers, 1900 ’ s

46. Children in London School Yard – Mid-Late 1800 ’ s

47. Quick-Write What can we learn from the previous images? What stereotypes were being used? What do you think the reasoning behind the bias in these images is?

49. Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830 Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages under 11 2s 3d. 2s. 4d. 11 - 16 4s. 1d. 4s. 3d. 17 - 21 10s. 2d. 7s. 3d. 22 - 26 17s. 2d. 8s. 5d. 27 - 31 20s. 4d. 8s. 7d. 32 - 36 22s. 8d. 8s. 9d. 37 - 41 21s. 7d. 9s. 8d. 42 - 46 20s. 3d. 9s. 3d. 47 - 51 16s. 7d. 8s. 10d. 52 - 56 16s. 4d. 8s. 4d. 57 - 61 13s. 6d. 6s. 4d.

50. Industrial Staffordshire

51. Problems of Polution The Silent Highwayman - 1858

52. The New Industrial City

53. Early-19c London by Gustave Dore

54. Worker Housing in Manchester

55. Factory Workers at Home

56. Workers Housing in Newcastle Today

57. The Life of the New Urban Poor: A Dickensian Nightmare!

58. Private Charities: Soup Kitchens

59. Private Charities: The “ Lady Bountifuls ”

60. Quick-Write What social issues does these images/charts suggest the people of the industrial revolution were facing? What, if any political, problems will this cause?

62. The Luddites: 1811-1816 Ned Ludd [a mythical figure supposed to live in Sherwood Forest] Attacks on the “frames” [power looms].

63. The Luddite Triangle

64. The Luddites

65. The Neo-Luddites Today

66. British Soldiers Fire on British Workers: Let us die like men, and not be sold like slaves! Peterloo Massacre, 1819

67. The “ Peoples ’ Charter ” V Drafted in 1838 by William Lovett. V Radical campaign for Parliamentary reform of the inequalities created by the Reform Bill of 1832. × Votes for all men. × Equal electoral districts. × Abolition of the requirement that Members of Parliament [MPs] be property owners. × Payment for Members of Parliament. × Annual general elections. × The secret ballot.

68. The Chartists Key Chartist settlements Centres of Chartism Area of plug riots, 1842

69. The Chartists A physical force— Chartists arming for the fight. A female Chartist

70. Anti-Corn Law League, 1845 4 Give manufactures more outlets for their products. 4 Expand employment. 4 Lower the price of bread. 4 Make British agriculture more efficient and productive. 4 Expose trade and agriculture to foreign competition. 4 Promote international peace through trade contact.

72. Government Response k Abolition of slavery in the colonies in 1832 [to raise wages in Britain]. k Sadler Commission to look into working conditions  Factory Act [1833] – child labor. k New Poor Law [1834] – indoor relief.  Poor houses. k Reform Bill [1832] – broadens the vote for the cities.

73. British Reform Bill of 1832