2. Dental Bud Stem Cells (DBSCs)

3. Expression of MSC markers Osteogenic capacity ALP Runx-2 Col 1

4. The efficacy of bone regeneration Cell expansion and differentiation cells adhesion and enrichment of 3D scaffolds

5. N-Cad Palloidin Cad-11 Palloidin N-Cadherin Actin Cadherin-11 Actin Expression of ‘’Classical’’ Cadherin in DBSCs T0 7 14 21 28 DaysDiff

6. DBSCs express a pattern of Cadherins similar to various cell lines of the mesenchymal lineage DBSCs Pre-OBs OBs N-Cadherin Cadherin 11

7.  V  expression in DBSCs  differentiation (receptor of Vitronectin and Osteopontin) T0 7 14 21 28 DaysDiff T0 7 14 21 28 Undifferentiated  V  3 Ph Differentiated Actin  V  3 Ph VV  Actin

8. CTR VTN OPN ECM proteins facilitate DBSCs differentiation Alkaline Phosphatase Mineralization Runx-2 Col1 Actin * * * * * * * *

9.  V  Vitronectin Osteopontin osteoblast CTR VTN VTN OPN OPN  V  * * * #

10. CONCLUSION DBSCs would be an excellent stem cell source for bone tissue engineering Stratification of scaffolds with vitronectin and osteopontin would optimize cell adhesion and differentiation OPTIMAL BONE TISSUE RIGENERATION  V  is required for DBSCs commitment to osteoblast lineage Expression trend of ‘’classical’’ Cadherins reflect the osteogenic capacity of DBSCs