1. Building a Digital Portfolio that Supports Informal Learning, Creativity and Mobility - A Design Science Viewpoint Mr Mikko Ahonen, MA Mrs Hanne Murto (former: Turunen), MA University of Tampere, Hypermedia Laboratory

2. 2nd author: Mrs Hanne Murto (former Turunen) - a researcher and a teacher at the University of Tampere. -background in the computer sciences, also MA Ed.Sc. - previous research experience from mobile learning area. - current work: future e-learning scenarios.

3. Please, note: This presentation is tailored for the ePortfolio 2004 Technology-track and differs slightly from the original paper.

4. Presentation Topics: 1.Background 2.Concepts (Informal Learning, Creativity, Mobility) 3.Digital Portfolios vs. Lifelong Learning Organisers 4.Research framework (Design Science) 5.Technology – Architecture 6.Conclusion 7.References

5. Why Interest on (Mobile) Digital Portfolios? Mobile Learning Research 15 years in IT and learning area Knowledge Mgmt research PhD work Sonera Teleoperator, Fujitsu TS, Dallas - Building a portfolio artefact - Informations systems science focus - Learning, HR and innovation processes http://www.mobilearn.org http://www.uta.fi/~kamiah/ http://dll.hamk.fi/en/index.php 1. Background

6. Informal learning (Livingstone 2000) “The activities that happen outside the curricula and that are aiming at understanding, knowledge building, and skills acquiring” “Other major challenges include recognising incidentally initiated learning, irregularly timed learning, and the distinction between learning processes and learning outcomes ” 2. Concepts

7. Mobility The quality or state of being mobile; capable of moving or being moved (by ITEA International Technology Education Association). 2. Concepts

8. Mobility – what does it mean with ePortfolios? Lifelong LearningNew Mobile Technology IndividualisedPersonal Learner centredUser centred SituatedMobile CollaborativeNetworked Ubiquitous LifelongDurable Source: Sharples (2000) The match of new communications and information technology to lifelong learning 2. Concepts

9. Creativity, Idea and Innovation Creativity is the synthesis of new ideas and concepts by the radical restructuring and re- association of existing ones’, whereas innovation is the implementation of the results of creativity’’. (Heap, 1989) Innovation is the successful implementation of creative ideas in any domain (Amabile, 1996). 2. Concepts

10. Three components of creativity Expertise Creative- thinking skills Motivation CREATIVITY 2. Concepts Source: Amabile (1989)

11. Creativity and Idea Processes 2. Concepts

12. Personal View versus Organisational View ProcessProduct Personal view Organising ”informal” leaning projects Making notes over time Reflective document Personal learning plan Diary Organisational viewOrganising a development plan Negotiating a Learning contract Record of achievement Art and design ”portfolio” Source: Discussion with Prof. Mike Sharples, Birmingham University 3. Digital Portfolios vs. Lifelong Learning Organisers

13. Design Science March&Smith (1995), Hevner et al. (2004), Järvinen (2004) Non-existing connection between HR, learning innovation processes Building and modifying a mobile artefact and related theoretical frameworks System integrating both HR, learning and innovation processes The Initial state The building process The target state Technological advances:Theoretical advances:Inform.and organisational ideas Utility evaluation metrics: - Observational: Different usage in SME, Global and Faculty - Analytical: Mobile c/s-architecture analysis - Descriptive: Literature and business-based systematic innovation factors 4. Research framework

14. Design Science – Utility and Rigor Guiding the Building Process Picture. Informations Systems Research Framework (Hevner et al., 2004) 4. Research framework

15. MIDP-client with independent functionality Database queries Over GPRS J2ME CLIENT-SERVER PROTOTYPE Tomcat Application Server and MySql Database Web Services (Axis), Integrating through Jetspeed Portal Database queries over GPRS/WLAN 5. Technology and architecture

16. Questions and remarks What kind of evaluation focus is needed with such portfolios that focus on human resource development, idea processes or long-term personal development? What is the real difference between ‘digital portfolio’ and ‘lifelong learning organiser’? Amabile (1989) : “Evaluation does not have to be negative to destroy creativity”. How do you categorise and tag ideas and other learner-made artefacts? What kind of metadata schema is suitable for new kind of digital portfolios? Authors are currently focusing at creativity and collaborative screening processes with digital portfolios. 5. Conclusion

17. Selected references: Ahonen, M., Syvänen, A. & Vainio, T. (2004) Towards Pervasive and Adaptive Learning Environments. UAHCI Conference Proceedings. Las Vegas, USA. Paper submitted for review. Nokelainen, P., Ahonen, M., Syvänen, A. & Turunen, H. (2003) Approaches to Assessing Mobile Learning Components. Proceedings of Earli´03 Conference. Padova, Italy. Jäppinen, A., Nummela, J., Vainio, T. and Ahonen, M. (2004) Adaptive Mobile Learning Systems – The Essential Questions from the Design Perspective. MLEARN 2004 Conference Proceedings. Rome, Italy. 6. References

18. THANK YOU FOR YOUR INTEREST! QUESTIONS? Mikko Ahonen mikko.ahonen@uta.fi Tel. +358-3-215 8956 Hanne Murto hanne.murto@uta.fi Tel. +358-3-215 8511