1. End Show Slide 1 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3–2 Energy Flow 5. Where does the energy necessary for life processes come from? Sunlight is the main energy source for life on Earth. Without a constant input of energy, living systems cannot function on Earth. 6. Do all organisms get their energy from the Sun? No, some organisms rely on the energy stored in inorganic chemical compounds.

2. End Show 3–2 Energy Flow Slide 2 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Producers 7. Some vocabulary: autotroph – organisms that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food. Examples are plants and some algae and bacteria. producer – organisms that can make their own food. photosynthesis – process where autotrophs use light energy to convert CO2 and H2O into oxygen and energy- rich carbohydrates. consumers - organism that can’t harness energy directly from the physical environment. heterotroph - organism that must rely on others for their energy and food supply (consumers).

3. End Show 3–2 Energy Flow Slide 3 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Consumers 8. What are the different types of heterotrophs? Herbivores eat plants. Carnivores eat animals. Omnivores eat both plants and animals. Detritivores feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter. Decomposers, like bacteria and fungi, break down organic matter.

4. End Show Slide 4 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Energy for life comes from ___ ___. Match the following: 1.Autotropha. organisms that can make their own food 2.Producerb. organisms that need to get their energy elsewhere 3.Consumerc. organisms that can capture energy from sunlight 4.Heterotrophd. organisms that cannot make their own food

5. End Show Slide 5 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Match the following: 1.Herbivorea. Eats animals 2.Carnivoreb. Eats both plants and animals 3.Omnivorec. Eats plants 4.Detritovored. Breaks down organic matter 5.Decomposere. Eats plant/animal matter and other dead matter

6. End Show 3–2 Energy Flow Slide 6 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Feeding Relationships 9. How does energy flow through living systems? Through feeding relationships. The relationships between producers and consumers that connect organisms into feeding networks based on who eats whom. 10. How does energy flow through an ecosystem? In unidirectionally from the Sun or inorganic compounds to autotrophs (producers) and then to heterotrophs (consumers).

7. End Show 3–2 Energy Flow Slide 7 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Feeding Relationships 11. More vocabulary: food chain - a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten. food web - a feeding relationship in an ecosystem that forms a network of complex interactions. Food webs links all the food chains in ecosystems together. trophic level - each step in a food chain or food web. The 1st trophic level is made up of producers, the 2nd or higher levels are made up of consumers. Each consumer depends on the trophic level below it for energy.

8. End Show 3–2 Energy Flow Slide 8 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Feeding Relationships 12. In some marine food chains, the producers are microscopic algae and the top carnivore is four steps removed (5 th tropic level) from the producer. Algae Zooplankton Small Fish Squid Shark

9. End Show Slide 9 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Energy flows through living systems through ______ ______. How does energy flow through an ecosystem? Unidirectional or Both Directions Match the following: 1.Food chaina. network of all of an ecosystem’s food chains 2.Food webb. each step in a food chain/web 3.Trophic levelc. series of steps where orgs eat and are being eaten

10. End Show Slide 10 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 13. How can the energy in an ecosystem be represented? The amount of energy or matter in an ecosystem can be represented by an energy pyramid – a diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy in each trophic level in food chains or food webs.

11. End Show 3–2 Energy Flow Slide 11 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Ecological Pyramids 14. Only part of the energy that is stored in one trophic level is passed on to the next level (about 10%). 15. What is the total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level? Biomass.

12. End Show Slide 12 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall A ______ ______ is used to represent the amount of energy in an ecosystem. Energy Pyramid or Energy Diagram About how much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next? The total amount of living tissue in a trophic level is defined as ________.

13. End Show Slide 13 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3–2 The main source of energy for life on Earth is a.organic chemical compounds. b.inorganic chemical compounds. c.sunlight. d.producers.

14. End Show Slide 14 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3–2 Organisms that feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter are a.detritivores. b.carnivores. c.herbivores. d.autotrophs.

15. End Show Slide 15 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3–2 How does a food web differ from a food chain? a.A food web contains a single series of energy transfers. b.A food web links many food chains together. c.A food web has only one trophic level. d.A food web shows how energy passes from producer to consumer.

16. End Show Slide 16 of 41 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3–2 The amount of energy represented in each trophic level of consumers in an energy pyramid is about a.10% of the level below it. b.90% of the level below it. c.10% more than the level below it. d.90% more than the level below it.