Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byDuane Hancock Modified over 8 years ago
1
Ecology Unit
2
Ecology- the study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer It is a science of relationships.
3
The environment is made up of two factors: Biotic factors- all living organisms Abiotic factors- nonliving things
4
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
5
BiosphereBiosphere- life supporting portions of Earth. The highest level of organization
6
Biome A large geographic area that has a particular climate, and particular species of plants and animals that live there.
7
EcosystemEcosystem- the interactions of organisms and the abiotic factors in their environment. Ex. deciduous forest
8
CommunityCommunity- several populations that inhabit a common environment and are interdependent.
9
PopulationPopulation-organisms of one species living in the same place that reproduce and compete with each other for resources.
10
OrganismOrganism- any unicellular or multicellular organism showing the characteristics of life. The lowest level of organization
11
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =VIe46T6UTUc Biome Video
12
WHERE DO ORGANISMS LIVE
13
Habitat vs. Niche Niche - the role a species plays in a community (job) Habitat- the place in which an organism lives (address)
14
RELATIONSHIPS
15
Symbiotic Relationships Symbiosis- two species living together 3 Types of symbiosis: 1. Commensalism 2. Parasitism 3. Mutualism
16
Symbiotic Relationships Commensalism- one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped Ex. orchids on a tree Ex. polar bears and cyanobacteria Epiphytes: A plant, such as a tropical orchid or a bromeliad, that grows on another plant upon which it depends for mechanical support but not for nutrients. Also called aerophyte, air plant.
17
Symbiotic Relationships Parasitism- one species benefits (parasite) and the other is harmed (host) Parasite-Host relationship
18
Symbiotic Relationships Parasitism Ex. lampreys, leeches, fleas, ticks,tapeworm
19
Symbiotic Relationships Mutualism- beneficial to both species Ex. cleaning birds and cleaner shrimp
20
Symbiotic Relationships Ex. lichen
22
Type of relationship Species harmed Species benefits Species neutral Commensalism Parasitism Mutualism = 1 species
23
Feeding Relationships Producer- all autotrophs (plants), they trap energy from the sun Bottom of the food chain
24
Feeding Relationships Consumer- all heterotrophs: they ingest food containing the sun’s energy Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Decomposers
25
Feeding Relationships Consumer- Herbivores Eat plants Primary consumers Prey animals
26
Feeding Relationships Carnivores-eat meat Predators Hunt prey animals for food.
27
Feeding Relationships Scavengers Feed on carrion, dead animals
28
Feeding Relationships Omnivores eat both plants and animals
29
Feeding Relationships Decomposers Breakdown the complex compounds of dead and decaying plants and animals into simpler molecules that can be absorbed
30
Trophic Levels Each link in a food chain is known as a trophic level. Trophic levels represent a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem.
31
Trophic Levels Producers- Autotrophs 100% Primary consumers- Herbivores 10% Secondary consumers- small carnivores 1% Tertiary consumers- top carnivores ENERGYENERGY
32
Trophic Levels Food chain- simple model that shows how matter and energy move through an ecosystem
33
Feeding Relationships http://www.goldridge08.com/flash/fdchns.swf http://www.goldridge08.com/flash/fdchns.swf
34
Trophic Levels Food web- shows all possible feeding relationships in a community at each trophic level Represents a network of interconnected food chains
35
Food chainFood web (just 1 path of energy) (all possible energy paths)
37
Nutrient Cycles Cycling maintains homeostasis (balance) in the environment. 3 cycles to investigate: 1. Water cycle 2. Carbon cycle 3. Nitrogen cycle
38
Water cycle- Evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation
39
Water cycle-
40
Carbon cycle- Photosynthesis and respiration cycle carbon and oxygen through the environment.
41
Carbon cycle-
42
Nitrogen cycle- Atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ) makes up nearly 78%-80% of air. Organisms can not use it in that form. Lightning and bacteria convert nitrogen into usable forms.
43
Nitrogen cycle- Only in certain bacteria and industrial technologies can fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation-convert atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ) into ammonium (NH 4 + ) which can be used to make organic compounds like amino acids. N 2 NH 4 +
44
Nitrogen cycle- Nitrogen-fixing bacteria: Some live in a symbiotic relationship with plants of the legume family (e.g., soybeans, clover, peanuts).
45
Nitrogen cycle- Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live free in the soil. Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are essential to maintaining the fertility of semi-aquatic environments like rice paddies.
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.