1. 1 National Security Strategy: Whole of Government Approaches Lessons learned from the National Security Strategic Review 2012, (NSSR),Poland Brigade General (R), Dr. Kazimierz SIKORSKI Director of the Strategic Analyses Department NATIONAL SECURITY BUREAU, Poland www.bbn.gov.plwww.bbn.gov.pl; ksikorski@bbn.gov.plksikorski@bbn.gov.pl The George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, 2012.06.26

2. 2 If man does find the solution for world peace it will be the most revolutionary reversal of his record we have ever known George C. Marshall Whole of Government Approaches to national security – steps in the right direction to find the solution

3. 33 Agenda Takeaways NSSR 2012, Poland - info Outstanding issues & dilemmas: – National security environment in 21st century – national security spectrum Whole of Government Approach – National strategic planning system Conclusions

4. 44 Results of the NSSR 2012 indicate that the Whole Government Approach is critical for an effective national security management today; it will become vital - tomorrow The Whole Government Approach to national security becomes more and more popular, better understood and supported, but it is mostly at the „conceptual development & experimentation” stage

5. 55 We have to revise our understanding of the National Security environment & Strategy ends: we should not focus only on violent conflicts and means used to achieve security, -- some “human” and “structural” security issues should be addressed as well. National Defense remains the essential National Security domain. Holistic approach to the national security enforces the need for a Whole Government Approach to the National Security Strategy.

6. 66 The Whole Government approach should become an imperative of the processes of National Security Strategy: - review, - creation / formulation, - implementation / monitoring. The Whole Government Approach necessitates central/executive co-ordination to moderate & balance NSS interagency processes at each level of administration - one of the most important & difficult issues

7. 77 Aim: A holistic evaluation of Poland’s national security to provide recommendations on the: – National Interests (NI) and Strategic Goals (SG) – Challenges, risks, threats scenarios – National Security Policy (NSP) options for next 20 years – National Security System preparation/ transformation options to meet NSP requirements, 20 years perspective TIMEFRAME: – December 2010 – July 2012 NSSR 2012, Poland - an innovative project aimed at the long-term national security policy needs and options for improvement - a project facilitating Whole Government approaches to the NSS

8. 88 The NSSR 2012 concept: – holistic approach – independent from contemporary national strategic planning – run by an independent commission – composition of the commission providing for the objectivity of the results – initiated and authorized by the President of Poland – coordinated by the National Security Bureau The first review of this kind in Poland – many outstanding issues & dilemmas at each stage – not many lessons to learn from abroad NSSR 2012 Commission established by the President of Poland, constituted a mix of current & former government officials, scholars, independent analysts, NGOs and think-tanks

9. NSSR 2012 does not produce a new National Security Strategy – the final documents provide the security-related points of reference for the national strategic planning NSSR 2012 REPORT – grounds for legislative initiatives – Food-for-thought for the national administration – groundwork for the National Security Strategy – points of reference for Parliament NATIONAL SECURITY WHITE BOOK – popularization of knowledge on the national security of Poland (at home & abroad) – promotion of national security awareness 9

10. 10 Density and character of the security challenges, opportunities, risks & threats do not rise around the world evenly, but they may spread any direction 10 * http://www.cfd-cdf.forces.gc.ca/documents/publications/30547_FSE_eng_web.pdf

11. 11 Center for Systemic Peace, State Fragility and Warfare in the Global System 2010, by Center for Systemic Peace, http://www.systemicpeace.org/warlist.htm, 2011.05.03 On-going globalization, demography and climate change-based migrations generate challenges, opportunities & risks posed by the mix of people of different cultures working & living together

12. 12 It is more & more difficult to discuss the 21st century security challenges and environment in the traditional categories of: internal–external, closer- extended, national–international

13. 13 National security environment goes global Instead of traditional categories, soon we may have to refer to the spheres of human beings’ global environment: socio-, techno- & biosphere

14. 14 NSSR 2012 HOLISTIC APPROACH NATIONAL SECURITY DOMAINS DEFENCE (external/intra-state violence) PROTECTION (hard homeland security) (internal violence, large-scale catastrophes) ECONOMY AND CULTURE (soft homeland security + conflict transformation) („human” & „structural violence”) SECURITY SECTORS Foreign Aff. Mili- tary Intelli gence Counter- intell. Public security & order Civil Emerg. Financial Energy Political Legal Cultural Educational CROSS-SECTOR SECURITY AREAS Terrorism Cyber crime Drug trafficking Human trafficking …. Due to fundamental change of the environment and security challenges we have to correct our understanding of National Security, and National Security Strategy ends, accordingly. Whole Government Approach is critical for NSS.

15. 15 NSSR 2012 HOLISTIC APPROACH NATIONAL SECURITY DOMAINS DEFENCE (externa/intra-state violence) PROTECTION (hard homeland security) (internal violence, large-scale catastrophes) ECONOMY AND CULTURE (soft homeland security+ conflict transformation) („human” & „structural violence”) SECURITY SECTORS Foreign Aff. Mili- tary Intelli gence Counter- intell. Public security Civil Emerg. Financial Energy Political Legal Cultural Educational CROSS-SECTOR SECURITY AREAS Terrorism Cyber crime Drug trafficking Human trafficking …. NATIONAL SECURITY OBJECTS (leading/principal agencies) MFAMOD Respective governmental & self-government agencies supported by the R&D, academic & educational centers, NGOs, independent organizations No matter how National Security spectrum is divided & what kind of sectors and trans-sector security areas are identified, almost each govt. agency has got the role to play

16. 16 Strategic planning for National Security used to be combined with National Defense planning – the Whole Government Approaches exercised partially – if at all Security Policy and Defense Strategy, 1992 Defense Strategy of the Republic of Poland, 2000 National Security Strategy, 2003 Military Strategy of the Republic of Poland, 2004 Strategic Defense Review 2004-2006 National Security Strategy, 2007 Defense Strategy of the Republic of Poland, 2009 Strategic Defense Review 2009-2011 National Security System Development Strategy 2011 National Security Strategic Review 2011-2012

17. Integration of strategic planning for national security into overall national strategic planning system would not be possible without Whole Government Approaches

18. 18 National Security system – arrangement of the state structures for national security functions NATIONAL (STATE) SECURITY SYSTEM (NSS) definition: – all the means and resources designed/earmarked for the national security missions/tasks, adequately organized, maintained, and prepared for those missions/tasks. NSS elements: - National Security Management Subsystem, and - number of executive subsystems (national defense, homeland security, economic, …….. )

19. 19 The Whole Government approach facilitates better use of all elements of national power to pursue national security goals - provides for more effective allocation of limited resources, economy of security spending, setting clear division of responsibilities, avoiding unnecessary overlaps & dangerous gaps elements of national power - assets and capabilities: - political, - military, - economic, - intelligence, - legal, - cultural, - educational - …

20. 20 We have to revise our understanding of the National Security environment & Strategy ends: we should not focus solely on violent conflicts and means used to achieve security, - some “human” and “structural” security issues should be addressed as well. National Defense remains essential National Security domain. Holistic approach to national security enforces the need for Whole Government Approaches to the National Security Strategy. Conclusions

21. 21 The Whole Government Approach is critical for effective national security management today; it will become vital - tomorrow The Whole Government Approach to national security becomes more and more popular, understood and supported, but it is mostly at the conceptual development & experimentation stage,

22. 22 The Whole Government Approach should become an imperative of the processes of National Security Strategy: - review, - creation / formulation, - implementation / monitoring. The Whole Government Approach necesitates the need for central/executive co-ordination to moderate & balance NSS interagency processes at each level of administration - one of the most challenging & difficult issues

23. 23 No matter how National Security spectrum is divided & what kind of sectors and cross-sector security areas are identified almost each government agency has got the role to play The Whole Government Approach: - facilitates better use of all elements of national power to pursue national security goals - provides for: - a more effective allocation of limited resources - the economy of security spending - setting a clear division of responsibilities - avoiding unnecessary overlaps & dangerous gaps

24. 24 Salus populi suprema lex esto. The safety of the people must be supreme law. Roman proverb