1. Ed Hightower IoT Slam December 9, 2015

2.  Brief history of M2M and the Internet of Things (IoT)  Key Components of the IoT  Devices / remote terminals / objects  Connectivity - Wireless Networks  IoT Backend: data nets, computers, dbs, analytics, Big Data  Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs)

3.  These are my personal observations  Not speaking on behalf of BlackBerry or any other entity  Thanks to these companies and groups for the public information they provided  Logos shown in this presentation are copyrights of their respective owners

4. 1926 : Nikola Tesla in an interview with Colliers magazine: "When wireless is perfectly applied the whole earth will be converted into a huge brain, which in fact it is, all things being particles of a real and rhythmic whole.........and the instruments through which we shall be able to do this will be amazingly simple compared with our present telephone. A man will be able to carry one in his vest pocket."Nikola Teslainterview 1832 : An electromagnetic telegraph was created by Baron Schilling in Russia, and in 1833 Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber invented their own code to communicate over a distance of 1200 m within Göttingen, Germany. 1844 : Samuel Morse sends the first Morse code public telegraph message "What hath God wrought?" from Washington, D.C. to Baltimore. electromagnetic telegraphWhat hath God wrought?

5.  Telemetry  SCADA  Industrial Automation  Telematics  Wireline  Microwave  Private Radio  Wi-Fi  Satellite

7.  Integrated circuit is invented in 1958  Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce changed the world  Basis for all electronic devices we have today  1984 - Bell telephone monopoly was disbanded  Early 80’s – personal computers  Early 90’s – the Internet became available to the masses  2007 – Apple introduced the iPhone

8.  The IoT will become the nervous system for the planet  Help optimize our planet:  smarter power distribution  more efficient cities  digital battlefields  self-optimizing supply chains  hyper-targeted products M2M point systems will be integrated to become the Internet of Things :

9. DEVICES IOT BACKEND SYSTEMS CONNECTIVITY NETWORKS

11.  Wireline  Microwave  Private Radio  Cellular (2G, 3G, LTE)  Wi-Fi / Mesh / ZigBee / SRD  Satellite

12. Cellular is very expensive, power hungry and complex to implement and manage Wi-Fi, mesh, ZigBee, Bluetooth, etc. suffer from short range and complexity to manage large scale deployments Private radio, microwave are not ubiquitous Satellite is expensive and impractical for many applications.

13.  Per Machina Research: More than 50% of IoT/M2M connections need only a few bytes of data transmitted to and from the remote device periodically Real-time communications not needed i.e. some latency is acceptable Long battery life required In-building coverage/ penetration desired

14. 14 Projected by Type Lo Power WAN Internet of objects LAN BT Cellular

15. Connected Devices: Access Short Range Communicating Devices Long Range w/ Battery Internet of Objects Long Range w/Power Traditional M2M Well established standards Good for: Mobile devices In-home Short range  Not good: Battery life Long range Well established standards Good for: Long range High data-rate Coverage  Not good: Battery life Cost Emerging PHY solutions / Undecided Good for: Long range Long battery Low cost  Not good: High data-rate Cellular Lo Power WAN LAN

16. Internet of Objects 80% of volume LPWAN Requirements:  Low power transmit technology  Long range communication  Low power consumption  Long battery life  Low cost communications & infrastructure  Scalable system  Permits mobility  Reliable communication

17. 1. SIGFOX 2. LoRa WAN / LoRa Alliance- Semtech 3. Weightless-N 4. Weightless-P 5. RPMA (Random Phase Multiple Access) - Ingenu 6. NB-LTE – 3GPP / Intel, Ericsson and Nokia

18.  Narrow band vs Spread spectrum  Unlicensed frequencies vs Cellular spectrum Key approaches to LPWAN implementation:

19.  LoRa utilized a spread spectrum based modulation Advantages  Demodulate below noise floor – 30dB better than FSK  Better sensitivity than FSK (better Eb/No)  More robust to interference, noise, and jamming  Spreading codes orthogonal – multiple signals can occupy same channel  Tolerant to frequency offsets (unlike DSSS) LoRa Overview

20.  Proprietary protocol  Ultra Narrow Band (200 Hz)  Very low data throughput (100 bps & 140 msgs/day)  Added two-way communications late 2014  Compelling business model  Head start – deployed in 8 countries now  Plan is for 60 countries in 5 years  Will provide global cellular-IoT connectivity  Significant ecosystem / investment partners  Samsung, Telefonica, SK Telecom, NTT Docomo, GDF Suez, Air Liquide, Eutelsat, Elliott Mgt., etc.  Received over $150M in 4 Rounds from 14 Investors  About to launch in 10 US cities

21.  Proprietary protocol at PHY layer  Spread spectrum technology  Long range / Two-way comm.  Low power consumption  Three classes of device endpoints:  Class A – each endpoint transmission is followed by two short downlink receive windows / long battery life  Class B – Class A functionality plus extra receive windows at scheduled times  Class C – continuously open receive windows closed only when the endpoint is transmitting

23. Star-of-star topology

24.  Open Standard / royalty free IP  Ultra Narrow Band (200 Hz)  Very low data throughput (100 bps)  10+ year battery life  NWave won the Cisco UK BIG Competition  (http://www.ciscobig.co.uk/)http://www.ciscobig.co.uk/  One-way communications now  Two-way planned for v2.0  Differential binary phase shift keying  Sub 1-GHz unlicensed spectrum  Frequency hopping  128 bit AES shared secret key regime

25.  High performance  Adaptive data rate - 200 bps to 100kbps  Spread spectrum with frequency hopping  Two-way communication  169, 433, 470 – 510, 780, 868, 915 MHz  Long range  2km in urban environment  Ultra-low-power  Ultra-low-power <10uA/node : <10% of BT or ZigBee network  Using common PHY (GFSK, oQPSK, 802.15.4)  Ultra-large network  Easily-scaled up to 50,000 wireless clients  Consistent energy efficiency across all clients  Smart networking for easy maintenance  - Reliable wireless  Interactive radio using sub-1GHz ISM bands excellent coverage and penetration  FDMA+TDMA modulation in 12.5 kHz channels  AES-128 encryption for security www.weightless.org/about/weightlessP For more info

26.  RPMA (Random Phase Multiple Access) – Ingenu (formerly On-Ramp)  Proprietary protocol  2.4 GHz – focus on coverage  Direct-sequence spread spectrum  Used in 35 private networks worldwide  Deploying the public Machine Network (30 US cities in 2016 – Dallas and Phoenix in late 2015)  624 Kbps uplink and 156 Kbps downlink speeds  Nov. 6, 2015 - Trilliant purchased Ingenu’s smart grid business and customers (f ocus on utilities and smart cities)

27.  NB-LTE (Narrow Band – LTE)  3GPP approved “Work item” Sept. 14, 2015 ▪ Created and promoted by Nokia, Ericsson and Intel  Can be fully integrated into existing LTE networks  Backward compatible with existing LTE networks  Works within current LTE bands / guard bands + stand alone (re-farmed GSM) frequencies  Does not need an overlay network  Low power consumption  Low cost modules  Support for massive number of devices  Low delay sensitivity

28.  NB-CIoT (Narrow Band – Cellular IoT)  Promoted by Huawei-Vodafone-China Unicom  A variation of the Weightless-W by Neul  Support from Vodafone and China Unicom  Would be an overlay network  NB-LTE  Won out over NB-CIoT  NB-LTE will be part of 3GPP Release 13 in 2016

29.  Alcatel-Lucent  Alcatel-Lucent Shanghai Bell  AT&T  CATT  Deutsche Telekom  Ericsson  Huawei  HiSilicon  Intel  Interdigital  LG Electronics  Nokia Networks  OPPO  Panasonic Qualcomm Incorporated Samsung Sony SouthernLINC Sprint Telecom Italia SPA Telefonica TeliaSonera T-Mobile US u-blox US Cellular Verizon Vodafone ZTE Corporation

30. 1. SIGFOX 2. LoRa WAN / LoRa Alliance- Semtech 3. Weightless-N 4. Weightless-P 5. RPMA (Random Phase Multiple Access) - Ingenu 6. NB-LTE – 3GPP / Intel, Ericsson and Nokia

31. SigFox – http://www.sigfox.com/en/http://www.sigfox.com/en/ LoRa Alliance - https://www.lora-alliance.org/https://www.lora-alliance.org/ Semtech – http://www.semtech.com/http://www.semtech.com/ Weightless SIG - http://www.weightless.org/http://www.weightless.org/ NWave Technologies – http://www.nwave.io/ http://www.nwave.io/ M2Communications - http://www.m2comm-semi.com/http://www.m2comm-semi.com/ Ingenu – http://www.ingenu.com/http://www.ingenu.com/ NB-LTE (NB-IoT) - http://www.3gpp.org/news- events/3gpp-news/1733-niothttp://www.3gpp.org/news- events/3gpp-news/1733-niot Ed Hightower’s LinkedIn Profile – www.linkedin.com/in/edhightower www.linkedin.com/in/edhightower

32. Ed Hightower www.linkedin.com/in/EdHightower Ed.Hightower@IoTandBeyond.com www.IoTandBeyond.com Telecom Corridor, Dallas, TX IoT Slam December 9, 2015