1. Lecturer: Eng. Mohamed Adam Isak PH.D Researcher in CS M.Sc. and B.Sc. of Information Technology Engineering, Lecturer in University of Somalia and Mogadishu university E-mail: Engmaisak@hotmail.com. Tell:0615648915 WWW.ENGMAISAK.BLOGSPOT.COM February – July 2016 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING (CS3529) TARGET CLASSES: CS14: A,B

2. CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 2  Q and A in Software Engineering.  History of software engineering  Software crises  Professional and ethical responsibility  Software engineering process  The different application types - References of the course - Grading system of the course

3. Q AND A IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING. A) DIFFERENCE BETWEEN C.S., C.E. AND IT CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 3

4. Q AND A IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING. B) IMPORTANCE OF S.E. IN C.S., C.E. AND IT Computer information systems Programming Operating systems Systems analysis and design Software Engineering Databases Networking Web development Computer Science Artificial intelligence Data communications Data and file structures Operating systems Application and systems programming Systems analysis and design Software Engineering Computer Engineering Application and systems programming Software Engineering Data and file structures Networks Operating systems CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 4

5. Q AND A IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING. C) DEFINITIONS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 5 QuestionAnswer What is software?Computer programs and associated documentation. Software products may be developed for a particular customer or may be developed for a general market. What is software engineering?Software engineering is an engineering discipline that is concerned with all aspects of software production. What is the difference between software engineering and computer science? Computer science focuses on theory and fundamentals; software engineering is concerned with the practicalities of developing and delivering useful software. What is the difference between software engineering and system engineering? System engineering is concerned with all aspects of computer- based systems development including hardware, software and process engineering. Software engineering is part of this more general process. What are the costs of software engineering?Roughly 60% of software costs are development costs, 40% are testing costs. What are the best software engineering techniques and methods? The software engineering methods and tools used depend on the type of application being developed, the requirements of the customer and the background of the development team.

6. Q AND A IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING D) IMPORTANCE OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 6 The economies of ALL developed nations are dependent on software. More and more, individuals and society rely on advanced software systems. We need to be able to produce reliable and trustworthy systems economically and quickly. It is usually cheaper, in the long run, to use software engineering methods and techniques for software systems rather than just write the programs as if it was a personal programming project. For most types of system, the majority of costs are the costs of changing the software after it has gone into use.

7. HISTORY OF SE (SOFTWARE CRISES) CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 7 The notion of ‘software engineering’ was first proposed in Germany 1968 at a conference held to discuss what was then called the ‘software crisis’. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, a variety of new software engineering techniques and methods were developed, such as structured programming, information hiding and object-oriented development. Tools and standard notations were developed and are now extensively used. Many of “software failures” are a consequence of two factors: 1. Increasing demands 2. Low expectations

8. CATEGORIES OF SOFTWARE PRODUCTS A) DEFINITIONS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 8 1.Generic products Stand-alone systems that are marketed and sold to any customer who wishes to buy them. Examples – PC software such as graphics programs, project management tools; CAD software; software for specific markets such as appointments systems for dentists. 2.Customized products Software that is commissioned by a specific customer to meet their own needs. Examples – embedded control systems, air traffic control software, traffic monitoring systems.

9. CATEGORIES OF SOFTWARE PRODUCTS B) DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SOFTWARE PRODUCTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 9 Generic products The specification of what the software should do is owned by the software developer and decisions on software change are made by the developer. Customized products The specification of what the software should do is owned by the customer for the software and they make decisions on software changes that are required.

10. ESSENTIAL ATTRIBUTES OF GOOD SOFTWARE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 10 Product characteristicDescription MaintainabilitySoftware should be written in such a way so that it can evolve to meet the changing needs of customers. This is a critical attribute because software change is an inevitable requirement of a changing business environment. Dependability and securitySoftware dependability includes a range of characteristics including availability, reliability, security and safety. EfficiencySoftware should not make wasteful use of system resources such as memory and processor cycles. Efficiency therefore includes processing time, memory utilisation, etc. AcceptabilitySoftware must be acceptable to the type of users for which it is designed. This means that it must be understandable, usable and compatible with other systems that they use.

11. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PROCESSES (ACTIVITIES) CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 11 1.Software specification, where customers and engineers define the software that is to be produced and the constraints on its operation. 2.Software development, where the software is designed and programmed. 3.Software validation, where the software is checked to ensure that it is what the customer requires. 4.Software evolution, where the software is modified to reflect changing customer and market requirements.

12. APPLICATION TYPES (1/2) CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 12 1.Stand-alone applications These are application systems that run on a local computer, such as a PC. They include all necessary functionality and do not need to be connected to a network. EXAMPLE: ADOPE READER 2.Interactive transaction-based applications Applications that execute on a remote computer and are accessed by users from their own PCs or terminals. These include web applications SUCH AS: E-COMMERCE APPLICATIONS. 3.Embedded control systems These are software control systems that control and manage hardware devices. Numerically, there are probably more embedded systems than any other type of system. SUCH AS: AIRCRFT SYSTEMS

13. APPLICATION TYPES (2/2) CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 13 4.Batch processing systems These are business systems that are designed to process data in large batches. They process large numbers of individual inputs to create corresponding outputs. EXAMPLE: DATABASE SYSTEMS 5.Entertainment systems These are systems that are primarily for personal use and which are intended to entertain the user. EXAMPLE: GAMES 6.Systems for modelling and simulation These are systems that are developed by scientists and engineers to model physical processes or situations, which include many, separate, interacting objects. EXAMPLE: PACKET TRACER. 7.Systems of systems These are systems that are composed of a number of other software systems.

14. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND THE WEB CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 14 The Web is now a platform for running application and organizations are increasingly developing web-based systems rather than local systems. Web services allow application functionality to be accessed over the web. In the last few years, the notion of ‘software as a service’ has been developed. It has been proposed that software will not normally run on local computers but will run on ‘computing clouds’ that are accessed over the Internet. Cloud computing is an approach to the provision of computer services where applications run remotely on the ‘cloud’.  Users do not buy software but pay according to use.  If you use a service such as web-based mail, you are using a cloud-based system.

15. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING ETHICS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 15 Software engineering involves wider responsibilities than simply the application of technical skills. Software engineers must behave in an honest and ethically responsible way if they are to be respected as professionals. Ethical behaviour is more than simply upholding the law but involves following a set of principles that are morally correct.

16. IEEE (INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS) CODE OF ETHICS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 16 The professional societies in the US have cooperated to produce a code of ethical practice. The Code contains eight Principles related to the behaviour of and decisions made by professional software engineers, including practitioners, educators, managers, supervisors and policy makers, as well as trainees and students of the profession.

17. IEEE ETHICAL PRINCIPLES CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 17 1. PUBLIC - Software engineers shall act consistently with the public interest. 2. CLIENT AND EMPLOYER - Software engineers shall act in a manner that is in the best interests of their client and employer consistent with the public interest. 3. PRODUCT - Software engineers shall ensure that their products and related modifications meet the highest professional standards possible. 4. JUDGMENT - Software engineers shall maintain integrity and independence in their professional judgment. 5. MANAGEMENT - Software engineering managers and leaders shall subscribe to and promote an ethical approach to the management of software development and maintenance. 6. PROFESSION - Software engineers shall advance the integrity and reputation of the profession consistent with the public interest. 7. COLLEAGUES - Software engineers shall be fair to and supportive of their colleagues. 8. SELF - Software engineers shall participate in lifelong learning regarding the practice of their profession and shall promote an ethical approach to the practice of the profession.

18. ETHICAL DILEMMAS/PROBLEMS/BOTTLENECKS) CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 18 Disagreement in principle with the policies of senior management. Your employer acts in an unethical way and releases a safety-critical system without finishing the testing of the system. Participation in the development of military weapons systems or nuclear systems.

19. ISSUES OF PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 19 1.Confidentiality Engineers should normally respect the confidentiality of their employers or clients irrespective of whether or not a formal confidentiality agreement has been signed. 2.Competence Engineers should not misrepresent their level of competence. They should not knowingly accept work which is out with their competence. 3.Intellectual property rights Engineers should be aware of local laws governing the use of intellectual property such as patents, copyright, etc. They should be careful to ensure that the intellectual property of employers and clients is protected. 4.Computer misuse Software engineers should not use their technical skills to misuse other people’s computers. Computer misuse ranges from relatively trivial (game playing on an employer’s machine, say) to extremely serious (dissemination of viruses).

20. KEY POINTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 20 Software engineering is an engineering discipline that is concerned with all aspects of software production. Essential software product attributes are maintainability, dependability and security, efficiency and acceptability. The activities of specification, development, validation and evolution are part of all software processes. There are many different types of system and each requires appropriate software engineering tools and techniques for their development. Software engineers have responsibilities to the engineering profession and society. They should not simply be concerned with technical issues. Professional societies publish codes of conduct which set out the standards of behaviour expected of their members.

21. REFERENCES OF THE COURSE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 21 Text Book: Ian Sommerville (2011), Software Engineering, Ninth Edition, 2011: Addison Wesley Other Recommended References: 1.Website of the Software Engineering Book: http://www.software-engin.com/ 2.Ian Sommerville’s Blog: http://iansommerville.com/software-engineering-book/ 3.BenZahia, M. (2011). Software Engineering, Second Edition. 4.Leffingwell, D. (2007). Scaling Software Agility: Best Practices for Large Enterprises. Boston: Addison-Wesley. 5.Judith Hurwitz and others. Cloud Computing for Dummies. 6. Massachusetts free courses. www.ocw.mit.edu/index.html 7.Coursera free course in Advanced Software Engineering. www.coursera.org

22. IAN SOMMERVILLE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 22

23. PRACTICAL PART OF THE COURSE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 23 Microsoft Project -Offline StarUML Software - Offline Rational Rose Software - Offline Microsoft Visio – Offline Microsoft SkyDrive – Online Google Drive - Online

24. EXAM SYSTEM OF THE COURSE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 24 Mid Term  % 30Project part One  % 10Project Part Two  10Attendance  5%Discussion  5%Final Exam  % 40

25. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 25 www.Engmaisak.Blogspot.Com Download the lesson from the official blog of the lecturer:

26. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - SE - ENGMAISAK@HOTMAIL.COM 26 Instructor: Kenny Wong Course starts October 26, 2015 www.coursera.org INTERNATIONAL INSTRUCTORS: UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA, CANADA COURSE: SOFTWARE PROCESSES AND AGILE PRACTICES