1. BELL RINGER What is a covalent bond? Why is carbon unique? What is a macromolecule? What is the chemical formula for glucose?

2. Ms. Cole CARBON COMPOUNDS

3. LESSON OVERVIEW 4 groups of carbon compounds Fill out table along the way Exit Ticket – Table Work on review for test.

4. WHAT ARE CARBOHYDRATES? Chemical Composition? Examples? Functions? Ever heard of “carbo-loading” or “I’m watching my carbs?”

5. CARBOHYDRATES Consists of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen (in a ratio of 1 C: 2 H: 1 O). Main source of energy for living things! Glucose – supplies energy to all cells Cellulose – gives plants strength (plant cell wall!) Starch – how plants store sugar Glycogen – energy for muscle movement

6. CARBOHYDRATES – “SUGARS & STARCHES” Monosaccharide- a simple sugar like glucose (blood sugar) or fructose. Disaccharide- two sugar subunits linked together. A polymer of glucose & fructose make sucrose (table sugar). Polysaccharide- the largest polymer made of many glucose subunits. Examples to know: starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

7. WHAT ARE LIPIDS? Chemical Composition? Examples? Functions? What happens when we mix oil and water?

8. LIPIDS Not soluble in water… “oil & water don’t mix” Waterproof coverings Subunits: Glycerol & Fatty Acids Fats and Oils – used for long-term E storage Phospholipids – make up the cell membrane Steroids – chemical messengers (hormones)

9. LIPIDS Saturated – SOLIDS - only C-C (butter) Unsaturated – LIQUIDS - at least one C=C Polyunsaturated – (canola oil) http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/Bio%20100/Bio%20100%20Lectures/biochemistry/biochemi.htm

10. WHAT ARE NUCLEIC ACIDS? Chemical Composition? Examples? Functions?

11. NUCLEIC ACIDS Contains subunits called “nucleotides” Three parts: sugar, phosphate, nitrogen- containing base (DNA has A, T, G, C) Transmit and store genetic information RNA DNA http://cosbiology.pbworks.com/w/page/1155624 3/Lesson%203-08%20Nucleic%20Acids

12. WHAT ARE PROTEINS? Chemical Composition? Examples? Functions?

13. PROTEINS Subunits - Amino acids Most important fxn - Regulate cell processes Have levels of organization to allow for 3D shape. Ex: Enzymes Amylase - Breaks down starch into sugars. http://maptest.rutgers.edu/drupal/?q=node/12

14. FOUR GROUPS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN LIVING THINGS Group NameSubunitsFunctionsExamples CarbohydratesMonosaccharide (simple sugar) Energy Storageglucose, starch cellulose Lipidsglycerol & fatty acids Biological membranes Fats, oils, phospholipids Nucleic AcidsnucleotidesTransmit & Store Genetic Information DNA, RNA ProteinsAmino acidsRegulate cell processes Enzymes