1. Population Pyramids, Rates & Cohorts

2. 2 Cohorts Data connected to a population group unified by a common characteristic like age, gender, ethnicity, nationality, or social and/or economic status = cohorts Ex: age cohorts = kindergarteners, sophomores, Class of 2014

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4. 4 Demographic Rates & Measures Rate = A quantity measured with respect to another measured quantity EX: counting the number of marriages per 1000 people per year w/in designated area

5. 5 Crude Birth Rate (CBR): annual number of live births per 1,000 pop. Worldwide:  Guinea-Bissau, Liberia & Dem. Rep. of Congo are highest  Many European countries are very low (9 or lower)

6. 6 High vs. Low CBR High CBRs:  30 or higher per 1000  Apply to over 1/5th of world’s nations  Predominantly agricultural/rural  High proportion of population young and female  S. & W. Asia, Latin America, Africa

7. 7 High vs. Low CBR Low CBRs:  20 or lower per 1000  Predominantly industrialized/urban  Fewer young people  Most of the developed world + China bc of gov’ts pop. policies

8. 8 High v. Low CBR Mid-transitional CBRs:  20 to 30 per 1000  Many smaller “developing countries” EX: India – a demographic “giant” recently entered this category in 1994

9. Crude Death Rate (CDR): annual number of deaths per 1,000 population 9

10. Population Growth Rate = Average annual % change in pop., resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths; include. migrants entering/leaving (may be positive or negative) 10

11. 11 Total Fertility Rate (TFR): average number of children born to a woman Worldwide TFR is 3.0

12. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) = # of babies that die within their 1 st year in a given pop. 12

13. 13 Life Expectancy at Birth: amount of years one is expected to live (differs btwn countries)

14. Dependency Ratio/Burden = The portion of a pop. which is composed of dependents (people who are too young or too old to work, i.e. under 15 and over 65) compared to total pop. (aged 15-64)  Higher ratio is cause for concern 14

15. 15 How do population pyramids help us learn about population?

16. 16 Population pyramids show info. about age and gender of people in a specific country MaleFemale Population in millions In this country there is a high Birth Rate There is also a high Death Rate. This population pyramid is typical of countries in poorer parts of the world (LDCs.)

17. 17 In some LDCs the government is encouraging couples to have smaller families. This means the birth rate has fallen.

18. 18 MaleFemale Population in millions In this country the number of people in each age group is about the same. The largest category of people were born about 40 years ago. In this country there is a low Birth Rate and a low Death Rate. This population pyramid is typical of countries in the richer parts of the world (MDCs.)

19. 19 Population in millions MaleFemale In this country the birth rate is decreasing. In the future the elderly people will make up the largest section of the population in this country. This is happening more and more in many of the world’s richer countries.

20. 20 Male Female Population in thousands This country has a large number of temporary workers. These are people who migrate here especially to find a job.

21. 21 Population pyramid for Mozambique. Population pyramid for Iceland.

22. 22 What happens next?

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24. 24 What is going to happen to Japan’s population in the future? Why does this matter?

25. 25 ?

26. 26 ?

27. 27 ?

28. VOCAB. QUIZ #2 Define the following words in detail: Physiologic Density Chain Migration Push Factor Malthus Theory Population Pyramid 28