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Pre-AP World Geography Human Geography Resource Pack
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7, 365, 808, 131 World Population at 6:30 AM 09/8/15
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REAPER STORK FERTILITY RATE MORTALITY RATE
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Population Density
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Today world population is estimated to be 7.3+ BILLION people – the most in human history! !
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Which continent has the largest population??? ASIA
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APPLE of MY EYE
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1.Improved Agriculture (more food = less starvation) 2.Improved Sanitation (better hygiene = less disease) 3.MODERN MEDICINE (less disease = longer life expectancy) How Did We Get 7.2 Billion?
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What are 2 ways to stabilize the world population? 1.Education girls/ increased career choices for women/ improved status for women 2.Improved economy & healthcare so families feel confident all their children will survive to adulthood
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DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL
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North America = 352 (5%) Population per Region (in millions) Distribution for class of 27 students Latin America = 606 (9%) Europe = 740 (11%) Africa = 1,100 (15%) Asia = 4,302 (60%)
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Birth/Death Rate (per 1,000) & Growth Rate North America 0.4% Latin America 1.3% Europe 0% Africa 2.6% Asia 1.1% 12 8 19 6 11 37 11 18 7
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Food for Thought Population Demographics North America Latin America EuropeAfricaAsia Population (in millions – 2011) 3526067401,1004,300 Birth Rate (per 1,000)1219113718 Death Rate (per 1,000)8611 7 Growth Rate (natural increase) 0.41.302.61.1 Doubling Time (in years) 17554-2764
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Food for Thought Quality of Life Indicators North America Latin America EuropeAfricaAsia Adult literacy rate (Men/Women) 96/9593/9299/9971/5488/77 Fertility Rate1.92.21.64.82.2 Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000) 61956835 Life Expectancy7975775971 Access to adequate Sanitation (Urban/Rural) 100/9983/6194/8854/3177/45 1 Midwife or Nurse per # of people 12030041887645
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Food for Thought Land Use Patterns North America Latin America EuropeAfricaAsia Urban population8179714046 Arable Land (acres/person) 1.50.60.90.50.3
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Arable Land (acres/person) & Urban to Rural Ratio North America 79% Urban 19% Rural 81% Urban 40% Urban 46% Urban 21% Rural 29% Rural 60% Rural 54% Rural Latin America Africa Asia Europe 1.5 acres/ person 0.5 acres/ person 0.9 acres/ person 0.6 acres/ person 0.3 acres/ person
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Food for Thought Energy Use and Wealth North America Latin America EuropeAfricaAsia Per capita energy consumption (barrels of oil equivalent) 541027310 Per capita GDP$49,804$9,449$27,242$1,755$5,441
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North America Per Capita Energy Consumption (barrels of oil equivalent) Latin America 54 bbl/person 10 bbl/person Europe 27 bbl/person Africa 3 bbl/person Asia 10 bbl/person 1 match = 1 barrel of oil
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Per Capita GDP North America Latin America Europe Africa Asia $49,804 50 candies $27,242 27 candies 1 candy = $1,000 $1,755 2 candies $9,449 9 candies $5,441 5 candies
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4.35
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4 ECONOMIC EMPLOYMENT SECTORS 1) Primary 2) Secondary 3) Tertiary 4) Quaternary
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GET STUFF Gathering raw materials – natural resources taken from the earth Example: Mining, Fishing, Farming PRIMARY EMPLOYMENT SECTOR
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MAKE STUFF Manufacturing / Industry - Adding value to raw materials by changing their form Example: Iron changed into an automobile Secondary Employment Sector
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DO STUFF Business or professional services Example: teachers, retail salespeople, doctors Tertiary Employment Sector
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THINK STUFF Provide info, research, management, etc. by highly trained personnel Engineers, researchers, scientists, software designers Quaternary Employment Sector
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LEVELS of ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Categories that show where a country is in terms of their standard of living & economic well-being
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PER CAPITA INCOME The average income a person would make in a country Tells you how wealthy/poor an average citizen is
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PERCENTAGE of POPULATION INCREASE Birth Rate – Death Rate (w/o factoring in immigrations) for the most recent year available Birth Rate – Death Rate (w/o factoring in immigrations) for the most recent year available Shows how fast/slow a country’s population is growing... usually countries that grow faster are less developed and countries that grow slower are more developed
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URBAN POPULATION The percentage of a country’s population living in urban areas. Urbanization is on the rise as people move to cities in search of work. Clue to how industrialized/traditional a country is.
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POPULATION % UNDER 15 Percentage of the total population that is 15 or under Hints how likely it is whether a country could is politically stable – older folks don’t tell to start uprisings, riots, civil wars or revolutions
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LITERACY RATES The percentage of people who can read and write in a country The percentage of people who can read and write in a country Tells you how well educated a country is and if they have high-skilled workers or not Tells you how well educated a country is and if they have high-skilled workers or not Also shows how much/ little equality there is between men & women Also shows how much/ little equality there is between men & women
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LIFE EXPECTANCY The number of years on average a person from that country could expect to live. The number of years on average a person from that country could expect to live. Another way to see how strong/weak a country’s health care is. Another way to see how strong/weak a country’s health care is.
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GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) Total value of all the goods (stuff) and services (help) produced in a country over a year Total value of all the goods (stuff) and services (help) produced in a country over a year. Tells you whether a country’s economy is going up or down. Tells you whether a country’s economy is going up or down.
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PER CAPITA GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) NOT Total value of all the goods (stuff) and services (help) produced by an average person in a country over a year (NOT how much they earn). This tells you if a country has high-skilled or low-skilled workers.
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INFRASTRUCTURE the fundamental structures and systems serving a country, city, or area:: transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX A measure of economic and social well-being on a scale of 0 to 1 (1 is highest). HDI factors include healthcare, education & income levels. Combines all the other data into one number that’s easy to compare levels of development, economics and social well-being.
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HDI INDICATORS AND DIMENSIONS
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LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRY GDP: Nearly none – collapsed. Per Capita Income: Very Low (less than $1000/ yr) Employment Sectors: “Primary” if any at all Infrastructure: Very little to none Lack of electricity Lack of clean water Lack of roads, Airports, Ports Quality of Life: In crisis, collapsed infrastructure and economy. Examples: Afghanistan, Somalia, Haiti
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DEVELOPING COUNTRY GDP: Low Per Capita Income: Low Employment Sectors: Mostly “Primary” Infrastructure: Relatively little Lack of electricity Lack of clean water Lack of roads, Airports, Ports Quality of Life: Low, little literacy, nutrition, or medical care Examples: Burma, Jamaica, El Salvador
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NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRY (NIC) GDP: Low/Medium but increasing Per Capita Income: Low/Medium but increasing Employment Sectors: “Primary” shifting to “Secondary” to varying degrees Infrastructure: Increasing Things are being built as wealth increases Long process, very expensive Quality of Life: Still low in most places, but improving in many ways Examples: India Mexico
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DEVELOPED COUNTRY GDP: High Per Capita Income: High Employment Sectors: Mostly “Tertiary” and “Quaternary” Infrastructure: Strong High amount of roads, Airports, Ports Clean water systems Electricity available to all Quality of Life: High, with good nutrition, medical care, education
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WHICH PICTURE BEST FITS EACH ECONOMIC LEVEL? Picture A Picture B Picture C Picture D
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PYRAMID POWER!
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Population Pyramids are just 2 Bar Graphs turned back-to-back so you can see population growth patterns.
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One side shows MALES, the other side shows FEMALES
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The population will either be graphed in RAW NUMBERS (like here) or in percentages ( % like you’ll use on our practice graphs). NOT Population Pyramids in percentages do NOT show you how big/small the population of a country is. Population Pyramids in raw numbers make you add up all the info from both sides to get the total population.
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The older population is on top – The younger population is on the bottom
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Population Pyramids should be labeled with the location and the year
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Population Pyramids can also show wars and pandemics
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Population Pyramids can have many shapes – theses shapes give you a good idea whether a population is growing, staying steady or shrinking and how quickly it’s happening.
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Looking closely at the shape of a population pyramid can tell you a lot more than just whether a country is growing or shrinking in population
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DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL
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CULTURE “Blueprint for Living”
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DIFFUSION [CULTURAL] DIFFUSION
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CULTURAL HEARTH
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RELIGION
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SECULAR
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CUSTOMS [CULTURAL] CUSTOMS
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MINORITY GROUP
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SOCIAL CLASS
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HOMOGENEOUS SOCIETY
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HETEROGENEOUS SOCIETY
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INNOVATION
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ASSIMILATION
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ACCULTURATION
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TRADITIONAL SOCIETY
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ETHNIC GROUP
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CULTURAL REGION
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DIALECT
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PANDEMIC
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URBAN DENSE RURAL SPARSE
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URBANURBAN – characteristics of living in a city
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RURALRURAL 1)1) characteristics of living in the country 2) 2) related to agriculture
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DENSEDENSE – packed tightly together, crowded
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SPARSESPARSE – few, spread out
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RURAL vs URBAN SUMATRA (an island in the country of Indonesia) is approximat ely 80% RURAL SINGAPORE (city-state at the tip of the Malay Peninsula) is considered to be 100% URBAN
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Sumatra (RURAL) Singapore (URBAN)
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