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Published byEmil Snow Modified over 8 years ago
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Africa and the Atlantic Slave Trade
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Pre-European African Slavery Already established in African kingdoms – Conquered peoples enslaved as kingdoms expanded Women especially enslaved to expand lineages Sign of wealth and status Used for gold mining, salt production, caravan trading
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Portuguese in Africa Factories: trading forts on the coast – Traded with African kingdoms (Dahomey, Benin) Monopoly on Atlantic slave trade (1450-1650) Pre-1450: slave raids Post-1450: traded for slaves
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West African Kingdoms Ashanti Empire – Major producer of gold – Unified by Osei Tutu (r. 1695- 1717) Kingdom of Dahomey African kingdoms traded slaves with Europeans for firearms – Used guns to strengthen royal authority, built professional armies, expanded, and captured more slaves
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Elmina Castle Built by the Portuguese in 1482 Later used by Dutch and English until early 1800s
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Elmina Castle Slaves were brought to the coast by slave traders Traded for guns, cloth, rum, shells Up to 200 Africans per cell 30,000 Africans processed through Elmina every year
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Conditions on a Slave Ship
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Slave Trade The Middle Passage: Africa to the Americas – 1-6 months at sea Slave ship sailors – Drunk, indebted, former prisoners Slaves – Attempted revolts, committed suicide
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Triangle Trade
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Slave Trade
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African Slave Trade Up to 12 million Africans transported to the New World 10-20% died in the Middle Passage
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African Diaspora
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African Slaves in the Americas Slaves had high mortality rate, low fertility rate African men were taken more than women – Familiar with tropical agriculture – Stronger immunities to malaria and yellow fever Brazil: 40% of slaves United States: 6 million slaves by 1860 – Up to 25% of the population Caribbean: 80-90% of the population
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Religious Syncretism Vodou (Haiti) and Candomblé (Brazil): Fused multiple traditional African religions with Native American and Catholic beliefs – Focused their worship towards a creator deity and various loa or orishas (spirits) – Believed in possession, created shrines – Women played prominent roles as priestesses
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