1. UNC Hospitals Sepsis Mortality Reduction Initiative Code Sepsis General Overview Updated 6.10.15

2. UNC’s Mortality Index is ranked 65 th out of 73 Academic Hospitals with 500 or more beds in 2014.

3. Sepsis is a VERY common cause of inpatient deaths Hospital Deaths in Patients with Sepsis from Two Independent Cohorts Liu et al JAMA May 18, 2014 All Sepsis 52% All Sepsis 44% National Sample data shows that coding doesn’t catch all sepsis cases, UNC rates are likely higher than reported.

4. If UNC's performance was consistent with the UHC Top Ten, there would have been 218 fewer inpatient deaths in the last two years.

5. MORTALITY REDUCTION STRATEGY Healthcare Acquired Conditions Appropriate Palliative Care Failure to Rescue SEPSIS Improve Early Warning Systems and Response Systems Implement Early Suspicion and Accurate Recognition Sepsis Implement Prompt and Accurate Sepsis First Hour Treatment Implement Antibiotic Stewardship in Sepsis Program

6. UNC Sepsis Implementation Goal: to reduce the raw mortality rate by 10% at UNC Hospitals by June 2016 when compared to 2013 baseline – Scope: Children’s Hospital, ED, ICU’s and all areas of ARRT activation – Phase I: Children’s Hospital implementation complete by June 30, 2015 – Phases II-IV: ED, Critical Care Units, Inpatient Units

7. Air care – Pediatric Team Pediatric ED MD’s Pediatric Rapid Response Pediatric Hem/Onc Air care – Pediatric Team Pediatric ED MD’s Pediatric Rapid Response Pediatric Hem/Onc Phase I: Feb/Mar 2015 Phase II: April 2015 Phase III: April/May 2015 UNC Children’s Hospital Implementation Team Training Timeline Children’s Hospital Go-Live June 2 nd !

8. Step 1 Pediatric Rapid Response System Refresher

9. If you are concerned, please call 4-4111 and ask for the Pediatric Rapid Response Team Calling criteria: – Staff or family member is worried about the patient – Acute change in heart rate – Acute change in systolic BP – Acute change in respiratory rate – Acute change in O2 saturation – Mental status changes – New or prolonged seizure – Patient with difficult to control pain or agitation *The criteria for calling the pediatric code team has not been changed Suspect Patient Has Sepsis?

10. Re-engage the Culture There should never be a negative response to this call nor should we second guess the caller of the Pediatric Rapid Response Team. There are no False Alarms We must partner to engage the culture where it is easier to call for help Since 2005 when we started our PRRT, our non-ICU cardiac arrest rate has decreased by 70% and has been sustained to date

11. Goals Prevent cardiac arrests Improve recognition of instability Improve communication Eliminate delay with chain of command Create system-wide safety culture Ideal state would get the care and hands needed to keep patient on wards Transfer to ICU may be needed but don’t wait to call until too late

12. Step 2 Screen and Confirm Sepsis and Complete the Pediatric Code Sepsis Bundle

13. Sepsis Screening and Bundle Pocket Cards

15. What About Patients In the ED?

17. Standard Pediatric Sepsis Bundle Order Set Called “Pediatric Sepsis Bundle” – Searchable in orders window – Contains first hour treatment components

18. Phase I: March/April 2015 Air care ED advanced care team ARRT –primary and secondary Hem/Onc Responders Phase II: June/July 2015 ED Care Team Inpatient Care Areas Phase III: August 2015 All Medical Center staff UNC Adult Implementation Team Training Timeline

19. Sepsis Best Practice Alert-Nursing View Sepsis BPA for Nursing links directly to Sepsis Nursing Order Set allowing care to start immediately.

20. Sepsis Best Practice Alert-Provider View Sepsis BPA for Providers links directly to Sepsis Order Set allowing care to start immediately.

21. What about adult inpatients? For now the Adult Rapid Response Team is using the bundle for cases of sepsis – EPIC “Adult Sepsis Bundle” order set available mid June Larger screening is in pilot phases to bring the rapid response team to the septic patient sooner Modified Early Warning System pilot testing in 2014 EPIC foundation – a way to assist in detecting deteriorating patients real time Same culture challenges for adult rapid response team as pediatric Empower staff to call the rapid response team MEWS may not find all patients that need the rapid response team

22. Does patient have > 2 of the following: Respiratory Rate >20 + UNC Adult Early Sepsis Screen ADULT Sepsis Response Team Assess to confirm sepsis COMPLETE BUNDLE IN < 60 MINUTES & notify primary team: “Adult Sepsis Bundle” EPIC order set Then Trigger Sepsis Response - in design Suspected Infection Core Temp 38 (home temp also valid) WBC count 12 High Risk* (see next page) Heart Rate >90 Altered Mental State Measure Lactate Level Obtain Blood Culture (attempt 2 sets prior to antibiotic) Alert Pharmacy of sepsis for faster antibiotic delivery - use closed loop communication Initial dose of antibiotic (even if no blood culture is available) see “Adult Sepsis Bundle” Epic Orders Consider transfer to higher level care if inadequate response to fluid resuscitation or based on clinical status Fluid Resuscitation 30 ml/kg or 2L in the first hour

23. ADULT Sepsis HIGH RISK* Patients Immunocompromised Diabetes Indwelling medical device Transplant (BMT or Solid Organ) Recent surgery/invasive procedure Burn Patients Congestive Heart Failure Cancer Geriatric

25. Example Inpatient Sepsis Case - Surgical Pt. admitted for a major surgical procedure Procedure goes well and pt. is able to transfer out of ICU to floor on POD#2 On POD#8 at 0900, nursing begins charting that pt. is confused/somnolent/hallucinating after having been alert and oriented for the six days prior. – VS at 0900 – HR 106, RR 18, SBP 107, Temp 36.9 POD#8 at 1500, pt. continues to be confused/somnolent – VS at 1500 - HR 113, RR 18, SBP 89, Temp 35.3 No rapid response called and pt. remains on the floor

26. 20 hrs later, at 1100 on POD#9, nurse charts that pt. was extremely confused and hallucinating – VS at 1100 – HR 120, RR 18, SBP 81, Temp 35.6 – No urine output since POD#8 at 2200 POD#9 MD note states that sepsis suspected – Blood culture ordered at 1210 – 2250ml of Albumin 5% given between 1225 and 1809 – Zosyn ordered and first dose given at 1326 – Vanc ordered and first dose given at 1830 First lactate not drawn until POD#10 at 1530 Pt. transferred to SICU at 1458 on POD#9 Pt. eventually passed away 1 month post procedure Example Inpatient Sepsis Case - Surgical

27. Pediatric ED Code Sepsis Pilot Phase 0853 – High Risk Chronic Illness Pediatric Patient and mother arrive in ED 0855 – Triage nurse notes mother’s reports that pt. had Tmax of 106.5 and HR in 200s and immediately notifies physician and nurse to take pt. back. 0855 - ED physician assessment – Vitals reviewed, initial exam – Infection suspected and code sepsis initiated 0900 - Pt. placed on full cardiac monitoring 0908 - First set of vitals in ED: HR 170, RR 42, Temp 36.3 temporal (rectal temp 10 min. later was 38.4), Sats 89% on 2 L NC

28. Pediatric ED Code Sepsis Pilot Phase 0911 - MD ordered ceftriaxone and vancomycin and called pharmacist who started preparing abx 0917 – Blood culture drawn 0920 – VBG and lactate drawn (lactate 2.2) 0922 – first 20ml/kg NS bolus given over 11 min. 0931 – IV ceftriaxone given 0943 – second 20 ml/kg NS bolus given over 14 min. 1005 – IV vancomycin given Patient discharged home after several week hospitalization

29. Take Home Points This new system is still in design and will be different in the coming months when we “go live” and improve on the system Just because a patient has a positive “screen” or BPA alert for sepsis, it does not mean that the primary team or ED/Rapid response team will diagnose and treat sepsis Septic Shock may be more subtle than you think Call sepsis team (RRT for inpatient units – triggered ED response in ED) for rapid IV access, fluid administration, antibiotic arrival, and lab studies – all bundle elements EPIC Order Set for initial bundle = “Adult Sepsis Bundle” – available mid July 2015 Patients can worsen rapidly If you want to help us in the development or have feedback please contact the Sepsis Program Team: sepsisfeedbackunch@unchealth.unc.edusepsisfeedbackunch@unchealth.unc.edu

30. Public UNC Code Sepsis Website Resources>Performance Improvement and Patient Safety>Sepsis Program Content: Background Resources Sepsis Toolkit FAQs Need Help? Content: Background Resources Sepsis Toolkit FAQs Need Help? Or just Google “UNC Code Sepsis”