1. LIFESTYLE CHEMISTRY Part 5: The Solubility of Drugs

2. IDENTIFY THE PARTS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

3. Mouth oesophagus Liver Gall bladder duodenum Small intestine Stomach Pancreas Large intestine Rectum

4. OUTLINE THE ROLE OF THE STOMACH AND THE SMALL INTESTINE IN BREAKING DOWN FOOD

5. Role of the stomach Begins digestion of protein and churns food into a paste Protease enzymes digest protein The protein is broken down into peptides Hydrochloric acid helps the enzymes present to function and kills microbes

6. Role of the Small Intestine The small intestine produces a fluid containing enzymes to complete digestion of carbohydrates, protein and fats PROTEIN Peptidase Enzyme Amino Acids FAT Lipase Enzyme Fatty Acids & Glycerol OTHER CARBOHYDRATES Other Enzymes Glucose Absorbed across the small intestine wall into the blood stream

7. DISCUSS THE DIFFERENCE IN PH OF THE STOMACH AND THE SMALL INTESTINE

8. pH in the Digestive System Stomach pH=3 Hydrochloric Acid Kills Bacteria Small Intestine pH= Alkaline Neutralise stomach acid The stomach and the small intestine have different pH values as different enzymes function best in differing levels of acidity and alkalinity eg. pepsin functions best in the stomach at a pH of 1 to 2 while other enzymes such as protease and lipase function best in a pH range of 6 to 8.

9. EXPLAIN WHY A KNOWLEDGE OF THE SOLUBILITY OF MATERIALS CAN BE USED TO DESIGN DRUGS FOR SPECIFIC TASKS

10. Delivery Methods of Drugs DRUGS InhaledInjected Applied to skin Swallowed Applied under skin In ears or eyes Inserted into body cavities

11. Solubility of Drugs Injected = absorbed more rapidly Weak Acid Drugs absorbed in stomach Weak Basic Drugs insoluble in stomach absorbed in small intestine

12. ACCOUNT FOR THE ABSORPTION OF A DRUG AND ITS ACTION ON/IN THE BODY IN TERMS OF ITS SOLUBILITY IDENTIFY THAT THE MANNER OF ADMINISTRATION OF A DRUG MAY BE RELATED TO ITS SOLUBILITY

13. Administering Drugs SPOTLIGHT SS pg 157-159

14. IDENTIFY VITAMINS THAT ARE WATER-SOLUBLE AND THOSE THAT ARE FAT- SOLUBLE

15. Vitamins Fat Soluble Dissolve in fat Stored in out fatty tissue Vitamins A, D, E and K Water Soluble Dissolve in water Our bodies don’t store these vitamins so we constantly need to ingest more The eight B-group vitamins and Vitamin C

16. LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE Water Polar solvent Fat Non-polar solvent Water-Soluble Vitamins Polar molecules (have high polar end) Fat-soluble Vitamins Non-polar molecules (non-polar C-C bonds) Vitamin A

17. REVIEW QUESTIONS Spotlight pg 162 To Think About Set 1-3