1. Unit VII Industrialization & Development

2. Of the following areas, the Human Development Index is highest in 1. South Asia 2. East Asia 3. South America 4. North Africa 5. Europe

3. Of the following areas, the Human Development Index is highest in 1. South Asia 2. East Asia 3. South America 4. North Africa 5. Europe

4. GDP per capita is highest in 1. South America 2. East Asia 3. Middle East 4. Eastern Europe 5. North America

5. GDP per capita is highest in 1. South America 2. East Asia 3. Middle East 4. Eastern Europe 5. North America

6. Regarding sector employment in MDCs and LDCs over the last 100 years, it is true that: 1. The primary sector has increased in MDCs 2. The tertiary sector has decreased in MDCs 3. The primary sector has trended slightly lower in LDCs 4. The tertiary sector has increased in LDCs 5. The secondary sector has decreased in LDCs

7. Regarding sector employment in MDCs and LDCs over the last 100 years, it is true that: 1. The primary sector has increased in MDCs 2. The tertiary sector has decreased in MDCs 3. The primary sector has trended slightly lower in LDCs 4. The tertiary sector has increased in LDCs 5. The secondary sector has decreased in LDCs

8. Malnutrition is highest in 1. Sub-Saharan Africa 2. East Asia 3. South Asia 4. South America 5. Central America

9. Malnutrition is highest in 1. Sub-Saharan Africa 2. East Asia 3. South Asia 4. South America 5. Central America

10. Sub-Saharan Africa has all of the following problems, except: 1. Corrupt and/or inefficient governments 2. Low levels of female empowerment 3. High levels of poverty 4. A lack of mineral resources 5. A relatively uneducated populace

11. Sub-Saharan Africa has all of the following problems, except: 1. Corrupt and/or inefficient governments 2. Low levels of female empowerment 3. High levels of poverty 4. A lack of mineral resources 5. A relatively uneducated populace

12. According to Rostow’s development model, a country with a lot of heavy industry that uses modern technology is in Stage 1. One 2. Two 3. Three 4. Four 5. Five

13. According to Rostow’s development model, a country with a lot of heavy industry that uses modern technology is in Stage 1. One 2. Two 3. Three 4. Four 5. Five

14. Foreign debt as a percentage of income is highest in 1. South Asia 2. East Asia 3. Middle East 4. Central Africa 5. Eastern Europe

15. Foreign debt as a percentage of income is highest in 1. South Asia 2. East Asia 3. Middle East 4. Central Africa 5. Eastern Europe

16. This country led the world in manufacturing in the nineteenth century: 1. Germany 2. United States 3. France 4. Russia 5. United Kingdom

17. This country led the world in manufacturing in the nineteenth century: 1. Germany 2. United States 3. France 4. Russia 5. United Kingdom

18. By the late nineteenth century, this country had made the least progress toward industrialization: 1. Russia 2. France 3. Germany 4. Belgium 5. United States

19. By the late nineteenth century, this country had made the least progress toward industrialization: 1. Russia 2. France 3. Germany 4. Belgium 5. United States

20. Industrialization in the United States began in 1. California 2. The Midwest 3. The Middle Atlantic states 4. New England 5. The South

21. Industrialization in the United States began in 1. California 2. The Midwest 3. The Middle Atlantic states 4. New England 5. The South

22. Beer brewing is 1. A bulk-gaining industry 2. A bulk-reducing industry 3. Unconcerned with bulk 4. Distributed fairly evenly around the United States 5. Unaffected by site factors

23. Beer brewing is 1. A bulk-gaining industry 2. A bulk-reducing industry 3. Unconcerned with bulk 4. Distributed fairly evenly around the United States 5. Unaffected by site factors

24. Which of the following statements about the manufacture of American cars is true? 1. There are relatively few plants in the South 2. Each plant focuses on only one or a few models 3. Plants are located near each major metropolitan area 4. Plants are more dispersed now than they were in the 1950s 5. American cars face little foreign competition

25. Which of the following statements about the manufacture of American cars is true? 1. There are relatively few plants in the South 2. Each plant focuses on only one or a few models 3. Plants are located near each major metropolitan area 4. Plants are more dispersed now than they were in the 1950s 5. American cars face little foreign competition

26. The cheapest way to transport goods over long distances is by 1. Air 2. Roadway 3. Rail 4. Water 5. None of these

27. The cheapest way to transport goods over long distances is by 1. Air 2. Roadway 3. Rail 4. Water 5. None of these

28. Which type of manufacturing requires the lowest level of skill? 1. Automobiles 2. Computers 3. Textiles 4. Airplanes 5. Consumer electronics

29. Which type of manufacturing requires the lowest level of skill? 1. Automobiles 2. Computers 3. Textiles 4. Airplanes 5. Consumer electronics

30. Within the United States, manufacturing has been most likely to shift in which of the following directions? 1. North 2. Northeast 3. East 4. South 5. Manufacturing has tended to stay in the Midwest and Northeast

31. Within the United States, manufacturing has been most likely to shift in which of the following directions? 1. North 2. Northeast 3. East 4. South 5. Manufacturing has tended to stay in the Midwest and Northeast

32. Outsourcing and offshore production: 1. Is one aspect of vertical integration 2. Has not yet become important for transnational corporations 3. Leads to an increase in manufacturing jobs in less developed countries 4. Is supported my most American politicians 5. Is prohibited by the World Trade Organization

33. Outsourcing and offshore production: 1. Is one aspect of vertical integration 2. Has not yet become important for transnational corporations 3. Leads to an increase in manufacturing jobs in less developed countries 4. Is supported my most American politicians 5. Is prohibited by the World Trade Organization

34. Which does not make up a portion of Colombia’s GNP? 1. professional sports franchises 2. tourism 3. coffee production 4. drug trafficking 5. retail sales

35. Which does not make up a portion of Colombia’s GNP? 1. professional sports franchises 2. tourism 3. coffee production 4. drug trafficking 5. retail sales

36. High levels of development can be determined by measurement of access to railways, roads, airline connections, telephones, radio and television, etc. These are collectively referred to as: 1. infrastructure 2. dependency measures 3. formal economy 4. commodity connections 5. informal economy

37. High levels of development can be determined by measurement of access to railways, roads, airline connections, telephones, radio and television, etc. These are collectively referred to as 1. infrastructure 2. dependency measures 3. formal economy 4. commodity connections 5. informal economy

38. The continuation of economic dependence even after political independence is referred to as 1. precondition to take-off 2. modernization model 3. neocolonialism 4. independence movement 5. deindustrialization

39. The continuation of economic dependence even after political independence is referred to as: 1. precondition to take-off 2. modernization model 3. neocolonialism 4. independence movement 5. deindustrialization

40. In peripheral countries it is not unusual for hotels in tourist areas to be owned by 1. worker’s cooperatives 2. local or regional governments 3. local owner operators 4. multinational corporations 5. individuals

41. In peripheral countries it is not unusual for hotels in tourist areas to be owned by 1.worker’s cooperatives 2. local or regional governments 3. local owner operators 4. multinational corporations 5. individuals

42. Which of the following regions is not considered a major agglomeration of high technology development? 1. Northern California 2. Bangalore, India 3. Dallas and Austin, Texas 4. Beijing, China 5. Athens, Greece

43. Which of the following regions is not considered a major agglomeration of high technology development? 1. Northern California 2. Bangalore, India 3. Dallas and Austin, Texas 4. Beijing, China 5. Athens, Greece

44. Which of the following is not a locational tendency of high tech industries? 1. Proximity to a major university 2. Access to venture capital and entrepreneurs 3. Areas with high quality of life reputations 4. Inner-city, downtown locations close to central business districts. 5. Availability of high quality communication and transportation facilities

45. Which of the following is not a locational tendency of high tech industries? 1. Proximity to a major university 2. Access to venture capital and entrepreneurs 3. Areas with high quality of life reputations 4. Inner-city, downtown locations close to central business districts. 5. Availability of high quality communication and transportation facilities

46. All of the following descriptions explain in part the diffusion of the Industrial Revolution except 1. Hierarchical diffusion - The British Empire spread industrial concepts throughout many world cities and regions. 2. Contagious diffusion – manufacturing ideas and concepts spread from England to nearby European countries. 3. Stimulus diffusion – Many American and European companies modified ideas and concepts from England and created new ways of manufacturing. 4. Reverse hierarchical – manufacturing ideas and concepts from the outlying rural areas of the British Empire spread back to England and stimulated the Industrial Revolution. 5. Diffused to areas with common locational factors including the availability of coal, access to a water port, proximity to a labor supply and available capital.

47. All of the following descriptions explain in part the diffusion of the Industrial Revolution except 1. Hierarchical diffusion - The British Empire spread industrial concepts throughout many world cities and regions. 2. Contagious diffusion – manufacturing ideas and concepts spread from England to nearby European countries. 3. Stimulus diffusion – Many American and European companies modified ideas and concepts from England and created new ways of manufacturing. 4. Reverse hierarchical – manufacturing ideas and concepts from the outlying rural areas of the British Empire spread back to England and stimulated the Industrial Revolution. 5. Diffused to areas with common locational factors including the availability of coal, access to a water port, proximity to a labor supply and available capital.

48. Which of the following American cities is not located in a major manufacturing region? 1. New York 2. Chicago 3. Atlanta 4. Seattle 5. Miami

49. Which of the following American cities is not located in a major manufacturing region? 1. New York 2. Chicago 3. Atlanta 4. Seattle 5. Miami

50. Computer technical support jobs are increasingly being outsourced to India, because of improvements in telecommunication technology. Which term best exemplifies this trend? 1. Space-time compression 2. Agglomeration 3. Absolute distance 4. Multiplier effect 5. Non-governmental organizations (NGO)

51. Computer technical support jobs are increasingly being outsourced to India, because of improvements in telecommunication technology. Which term best exemplifies this trend? 1. Space-time compression 2. Agglomeration 3. Absolute distance 4. Multiplier effect 5. Non-governmental organizations (NGO)

52. Which of the following development strategies would be consistent with Rostow’s preconditions for take off stage? 1. Build hydroelectric dam and roads 2. Debt reduction in order to increase income and currency stability 3. Increase international trade of manufactured goods 4. Increase tariffs on trade in order to keep out competition 5. Exploit comparative advantage by trading with poorer countries

53. Which of the following development strategies would be consistent with Rostow’s preconditions for take off stage? 1. Build hydroelectric dam and roads 2. Debt reduction in order to increase income and currency stability 3. Increase international trade of manufactured goods 4. Increase tariffs on trade in order to keep out competition 5. Exploit comparative advantage by trading with poorer countries

54. The North/South split of development as shown by the Brandt line generally asserts what factor? 1. Northern countries are poorer than Southern countries 2. Western countries have greater influence and power than Eastern countries 3. Northern countries are wealthier than southern countries 4. At one point in history northern and southern countries were very similar in development but because of political differences each region proceeded differently 5. Political theory explains why Sub-Saharan Africa is politically unstable

55. The North/South split of development as shown by the Brandt line generally asserts what factor? 1. Northern countries are poorer than Southern countries 2. Western countries have greater influence and power than Eastern countries 3. Northern countries are wealthier than southern countries 4. At one point in history northern and southern countries were very similar in development but because of political differences each region proceeded differently 5. Political theory explains why Sub-Saharan Africa is politically unstable

56. Rostow’s economic development model indicates that before high level economic development can occur, 1. countries must have extensive resources and part of the world’s free market economy. 2. countries must develop industries that are sustainable and do not negatively affect the environment. 3. primary sector employment must decrease and agricultural output increase. 4. countries must receive foreign aid or investment in large quantities in order to achieve large-scale technology transfer. 5. countries must pass through predictable and sequential stages

57. Rostow’s economic development model indicates that before high level economic development can occur, 1. countries must have extensive resources and part of the world’s free market economy. 2. countries must develop industries that are sustainable and do not negatively affect the environment. 3. primary sector employment must decrease and agricultural output increase. 4. countries must receive foreign aid or investment in large quantities in order to achieve large-scale technology transfer. 5. countries must pass through predictable and sequential stages

58. What is the term for small areas within a country that are granted favorable investment and trading conditions in order to attract industries? 1. Derelict landscape 2. Export-Processing Zone (EPZ) 3. Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) 4. Import Substitution Region (ISR) 5. Columbian Exchange

59. What is the term for small areas within a country that are granted favorable investment and trading conditions in order to attract industries? 1. Derelict landscape 2. Export-Processing Zone (EPZ) 3. Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) 4. Import Substitution Region (ISR) 5. Columbian Exchange

60. The idea that resources should be conserved so that people living today can meet their needs without limiting the ability of future generations to do the same is: 1. globalization. 2. subsistence economies. 3. sustainable development. 4. gross national happiness. 5. environmental conservation.

61. The idea that resources should be conserved so that people living today can meet their needs without limiting the ability of future generations to do the same is: 1. globalization. 2. subsistence economies. 3. sustainable development. 4. gross national happiness. 5. environmental conservation.

62. Microcredit programs have been successful in many places with the exception of: 1. South America. 2. places with high AIDS mortality rates. 3. tropical regions. 4. desert regions. 5. areas with male dominance.

63. Microcredit programs have been successful in many places with the exception of: 1. South America. 2. places with high AIDS mortality rates. 3. tropical regions. 4. desert regions. 5. areas with male dominance.

64. Port Gentile, Gabon was built by: 1. Dubai international. 2. British colonizers. 3. an ancient Gabonese civilization. 4. migrants fleeing the Congo. 5. European oil companies.

65. Port Gentile, Gabon was built by: 1. Dubai international. 2. British colonizers. 3. an ancient Gabonese civilization. 4. migrants fleeing the Congo. 5. European oil companies.