1. WATER ON EARTH CHAPTER 11(SECTIONS 1 & 2) Mrs. Sandra McCullough 6 th Grade Earth Science Key Terms Water Cycle Distribution of Water Check for Understanding

2. Key Terms- Section 1 © Pearson Education, Inc Water Cycle The continuous process by which water moves from the Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back to the surface Precipitation Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth’s surface. Rain, snow, sleet or hail Groundwater Water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers

3. Water Cycle Key Concept: In the water cycle, water moves from bodies of water, land, and living things on Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back to Earth’s surface.  The water cycle is how water moves from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back again. The water cycle never stops. It has no beginning or end.  The sun is the source of energy for the water cycle.  Water evaporates from Earth’s surface. Water is always evaporating from oceans and lakes. Water is given off by plants as water vapor.  When water vapor in the air cools, it condenses. The result of this condensation is clouds.  From clouds, water falls back to Earth as precipitation. Precipitation is water that falls to Earth as rain, snow, hail, or sleet.  If the precipitation falls on land, it may soak into the soil. Or, it may run off into rivers and lakes.

4. Distribution of Earth’s Water Key Concept: Most of Earth’s water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water found in oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water.  Earth’s oceans include the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, Arctic Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Together, the oceans cover a larger area than all the land on Earth combined.  Oceans hold most of Earth’s water. The water in oceans is salt water.  About three quarters of Earth’s fresh water is in huge ice masses near the North and South poles. There are also floating chunks of ice called icebergs.  Rivers and lakes also contain fresh water.  About a quarter of Earth’s fresh water is groundwater. Groundwater fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock.

5. Check For Understanding http://www.enchantedlearning.com/geography/label/labeloceansanswers.shtml Southern Ocean  Borders Antarctica.  This fifth ocean was recognized by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 Arctic Ocean An ocean around the North Pole, bordering northern Europe, Asia and North America. It is the smallest ocean. Pacific Ocean An ocean bordering eastern Asia, northeastern Australia, Antarctica, and western North and South America. It is the biggest ocean. Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean Atlantic Ocean An ocean bordering western Europe, western Africa, Antarctica, and eastern North and South America. An ocean bordering eastern Africa, southern Asia, western Australia, and Antarctica.

6. Check For Understanding 1. The process by which water moves from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back again is the ______________. 2. Water that falls to Earth as rain, snow, hail, or sleet is called _____________. 3. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about the water cycle. a. The water cycle begins with the formation of clouds. b. When water condenses in the air, it forms clouds. c. The sun is the energy source for the water cycle.

7. Check For Understanding 4. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about the distribution of Earth’s water. a. About a quarter of Earth’s fresh water is groundwater. b. Rivers and lakes contain salt water. c. The oceans cover a larger area than all the land on Earth combined. 5. Circle the letter of the part of Earth’s water that is only 3 percent of all Earth’s water. a. salt water b. fresh water c. Groundwater 6. The water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock is called_________. http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.gotoWebCode&wcprefix=cfp&wcsuffix=4024

8. Surface Water (section 2) Key Concept: A river and all its tributaries together make up a river system.  Fresh water on Earth may be moving, as in streams and rivers. Or, it may be still, as in ponds and lakes.  Tributaries are the streams and small rivers that flow into a big river.  The land area that supplies water to a river system is called a watershed. For example, the watershed of the Mississippi River covers nearly one third of the United States.  A divide is a ridge of land that separates one watershed from another watershed. Streams on each side of a divide flow in different directions. http://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/iText/products/0-13-3645908/data/media/tutorial/tutor_sx05_hslsh013/dswmedia/simbase.htm

9. Key Terms- Section 2 Tributary The streams and smaller rivers that feed into a main river Watershed The land area that supplies water to a river system Divide One watershed is separated from another by a ridge of land Habitat The place where it lives and obtains all the things it needs to survive Wetland A land area that is covered with water during part or all of the year. Reservoir A lake that stores water for human use.

10. Section 2 - Surface Water Ponds Lakes Wetlands

11. Ponds Key Concept: Ponds are smaller and shallower than lakes. Sunlight usually reaches to the bottom of all parts of a pond.  Ponds are bodies of fresh water. They contain still water, which is also called standing water.  Ponds form when water collects in hollows and low-lying areas of land. Some ponds dry up in the summer.  Ponds get their water from rain, from melting snow, and from runoff. Some ponds get their water from rivers or from groundwater.  Many different kinds of organisms live in ponds. Plants grow throughout a pond.

12. Lakes Key Concept: Lakes are generally deeper and bigger than ponds. In addition, sunlight does not reach the bottom in a deep lake, as it does in a pond.  No plants and few other living things can live at the bottom of a lake. The bottom of a lake may be made up of sand, pebbles, or rock.  Lakes may form when water collects in low areas of land. Some lakes form in other ways. For example, the Great Lakes formed when huge glaciers made hollow places in the land and then melted.  People can make a lake by building a dam across a river. A reservoir is a lake that stores water for human use.

13. Wetlands Key Concept: The three common types of freshwater wetlands are marshes, swamps, and bogs.  A wetland is a land area that is covered with water during at least part of the year.  Marshes are grassy areas covered by shallow water or a stream.  Swamps have trees and shrubs growing in the water. Swamps are common in warm, wet climates.  Bogs have acidic water. Bogs are common in cooler areas.  The Everglades is a large wetland in southern Florida. In the Everglades, a wide, shallow stream of water flows over the land.  The Everglades is home to many kinds of wildlife, including many rare or endangered animals.  Human activities have been bad for the Everglades. For example, farming has added harmful chemicals to the water. Scientists are trying to preserve the Everglades and its wildlife.

14. Wetlands (continued) Key Concept: Because of their sheltered waters and rich supply of nutrients, wetlands provide habitats for many living things. Wetlands act as natural water filters. They also help control floods by absorbing extra runoff from heavy rains.  Many organisms live in wetlands. The water in wetlands is shallow. The water also contains natural fertilizers from plants and animals.  Water moves slowly through a wetland, so waste materials settle to the ground. Other waste materials are taken in by plants. In these ways, wetlands filter water.  Wetlands act like giant sponges. Wetlands store rainwater until it slowly evaporates or drains away. In this way, wetlands help control floods.

15. Understanding  Question One 1. A river and all its tributaries together make up a(an)___________.  Question Two 2. Draw a line from each term to its meaning. TermMeaning tributarya. the land area that supplies water to a river system watershedb. a ridge of land that separates one one watershed from another dividec. a stream or small river that flows into a big river

16. Understanding 5. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about lakes. a. People can make a lake by building a dam across a river. b. Lakes are generally deeper and bigger than ponds. c. All lakes form when water collects in low areas of land. 6. A lake that stores water for human use is a(an) a_________________.

17. Understanding 7. A land area that is covered with shallow water during at least part of the year is a(an)_________. 8. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about wetlands. a. Bogs are common in warmer areas. b. There is only one common type of freshwater wetland. c. Some wetlands are covered with water all year round. 9. The picture above shows one type of wetland. Circle the letter of the type of wetland shown in the picture. a. marsh b. swamp c. bog

18. Understanding 10. Is the following sentence true or false? Many rare or endangered animals live in the Everglades. 11. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about wetlands. a. Wetlands act like natural water filters. b. Wetlands act like giant sponges. c. Wetlands provide homes for many living things. 12. Is the following sentence true or false? Wetlands help control floods by storing rainwater.