1. Indigenous Medicine, HIV/AIDS, and Medicinal Plant Resources in sub-Saharan Africa Marc Barany Research Associate College of Natural Resources, Virginia Tech HIV/AIDS and the Environment

2. Indigenous Medicine (IM) in HIV/AIDS Programs World Health Organization (1990) National MoH NGOs UNAIDS C.M. Good

3. IM in the Response to HIV/AIDS IM PREVENTION -Education -Condom distribution TREATMENT -Herbal remedies -Patient referral -Drug management MITIGATION -Counseling -Stigma reduction

4. IM in the Response to HIV/AIDS IM TREATMENT -Herbal remedies -Patient referral -Drug management

5. Herbal Remedies in the Treatment of PLWHA - Opportunistic infections - AIDS-related conditions + Immunostimulants + Anti-parasites C.M. Good

6. The Tanga AIDS Working Group (TAWG) Initiated in 1990 as a referral system Treats patients with medicinal plants in the hospital or at home Provides care for 400 patients

7. The Tanga AIDS Working Group (TAWG)

8. TAWG: Health Impact Improves quality of life, prolongs life -Oral thrush+ Appetite -Herpes zoster+ Body weight -Diarrhea -Fever Effective, particularly if treatment given in the early stages Some expressed preference over biomedicines (reduced side effects)

9. Indigenous Medicine HIV/AIDS

10. Indigenous Medicine HIV/AIDS Treatment Herbal remedies Medicinal Plant Resources

11. Medicinal Plant Collection Town/ Market Habitat Optimal Collecting Area

12. Factors Reducing Access to Medicinal Plant Resources Loss of habitat Over-harvesting Poor harvesting methods C.M. Good

13. Medicinal Plant Collection Town/ Market Habitat Optimal Collecting Area

14. Habitat/Specie Decline Town/ Market

15. Source: Schippman et al. 2002 ExpansionStabilizationDecline Price Volume Wild Harvest

16. Conservation & Management Cultivation Improve harvesting methods Management of wild resources

17. Source: Schippman et al. 2002 ExpansionStabilizationDecline Price Volume Wild Harvest

18. Source: Schippman et al. 2002 ExpansionStabilizationDeclineConservation/ Management Price Volume Wild Harvest Volume Cultivated

19. Conclusion IM is necessary in HIV/AIDS treatment and care in SSA Demand for certain medicinal plants used in treating HIV/AIDS exceeds ecological regeneration capacities Medicinal plant scarcity leads to + price and – quality of healthcare Sustainability of HIV/AIDS treatment is dependent on NRMC

20. Recommendations Identify efficacious species used locally in treating HIV/AIDS-related conditions Measure and monitor indicators of scarcity Assess opportunities and constraints in the cultivation and management of vulnerable species

21. Recommendations Integrate medicinal plant conservation and management into collaborative HIV/AIDS programs

22. Acknowledgments Africa Biodiversity Collaborative Group Tanga AIDS Working Group US Forest Service, South Research Station

23. Questions/Comments Marc Barany (540)-239-2788 mbarany@vt.edu College of Natural Resources, Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA 24061-0323