1. Energy and Food Production CENV 110

3. Energy intensity of food production Crops Land animals Fish

4. Production methodEnergy Efficiency Mussel farming (Scandinavia)10.0% 29 North Atlantic fisheries9.5% Carp farming (Israel)8.4% Turkey Farming (U.S.)7.7% Tilapia pond culture (Zimbabwe)6.0% Swine (U.S.)5.6% Eggs (U.S.)3.8% Chicken (U.S.)2.9% Lamb (U.S.)2.0% Beef (U.S. feedlot)1.9%

5. US Energy Consumption Fuel type 2006 US consumption in PWh 2006 World consumption in PWh Oil11.7150.33 Gas6.5031.65 Coal6.6037.38 Hydroelectric0.848.71 Nuclear2.418.14 Geothermal, wind, solar, wood, waste 0.951.38 Total29.26138.41

6. Supply SourcesPercent of Source Petroleum 37.1% 71% Transportation 23% Industrial 5% Residential and Commercial 1% Electric Power Natural Gas 23.8% 3% Transportation 34% Industrial 34% Residential and Commercial 29% Electric Power Coal 22.5% 8% Industrial <1% Residential and Commercial 91% Electric Power Renewable Energy 7.3% 11% Transportation 28% Industrial 10% Residential and Commercial 51% Electric Power Nuclear Electric Power 8.5% 100% Electric Power

7. Demand SectorsPercent of Sector Transportation 27.8% 95% Petroleum 2% Natural Gas 3% Renewable Energy Industrial 20.6% 42% Petroleum 40% Natural Gas 9% Coal 10% Renewable Energy Residential and Commercial 10.8% 16% Petroleum 76% Natural Gas 1% Coal 1% Renewable Energy Electric Power 40.1% 1% Petroleum 17% Natural Gas 51% Coal 9% Renewable Energy 21% Nuclear Electric Power

8. Environmental impacts of production and consumption Production Transportation Consumption Disposal

9. Environmental Impacts Human mortality – Miners killed in coal mines – Deaths from air pollution – Deaths from nuclear accidents – Construction accidents – Car collisions with transportation

10. Definition Terawatt 10 to the 12 th power watts – That would be 10 to the 10 th power 100 watt bulbs or 10 billion light bulbs TWh Terawatt hour – The energy required to run 10 billion light bulbs for one hour PWH Petawatt hour – 1000 times more than at TWh

11. Human health impacts Class quiz: rank in order of most lethal the following forms of energy production Solar, biomass, wind, nuclear, hydro, coal, natural gas, oil

12. Environmental impacts I Human mortality per TWh 161 Coal world average (26% world energy) 36 Oil (36% of world energy) 12 Biofuel/Biomass 4 Natural Gas (21% of world energy) 0.44 Solar rooftop (less than 0.1%) 0.15 Wind (less than 1%) 0.1 Hydro (2.2 %) 0.04 Nuclear (5.9% of world energy)

13. Small group session ProductionTransportConsumptionDisposal Coal Oil Biofuel Gas Solar Wind Hydroelectric Nuclear

14. Environmental impacts of production and consumption: COAL Production Mining – Habitat loss from strip mines – Human health of miners – Methane production from mining – Water pollution from mines Transportation – Energy needed – Tracks and infrastructure – Deaths from collisions with trains Consumption – Air pollution human health – Air pollution acid rain – Air pollution global warming and ocean acidification (largest contributor) Disposal – Lots of toxic substances in coal ash after burning

15. http://nextbigfuture.com/2011/04/washington -post-compares-coal-oil-and.html

18. Environmental impacts of production and consumption: Oil Production – drilling and refining – Oil spills – Drilling muds and associated chemicals – Energy used – Air pollution – Habitat / rigs – Deforestation for seismic lines, roads, rigs – Increased human densities in remote areas Transportation – Energy used – Habitat for pipelines – Oil spills Consumption – Air pollution: greenhouse gases, particulates, toxics Disposal – Used rigs and pipelines – Refinery products

22. Environmental impacts of production and consumption: Natural gas Production – drilling and refining – Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) geology and groundwater – Water use – Drilling muds and associated chemicals – Energy used – Air pollution – Habitat / rigs – Deforestation for seismic lines, roads, rigs – Increased human densities in remote areas Transportation – Energy used – Habitat for pipelines – Pipe line explosions Consumption – Air pollution – much better than coal or oil Disposal – Used rigs and pipelines – Refinery products

25. Environmental impacts of production and consumption: Hydroelectric Production – dams – Habitat loss – Disruption of migration of fishes – Changed flow regimes Transportation – Habitat for power lines Consumption Disposal – Old dams – sediments etc

26. Environmental impacts of production and consumption: solar Production – – Energy used in manufacturing – Habitat lost for “solar farms” – Chemicals associated with batteries for small scale installations Transportation Consumption – Disposal – Used equipment, especially batteries

27. Environmental impacts of production and consumption: Nuclear Production – Mining uranium – Nuclear accidents – Connection with nuclear weapons Transportation – Habitat for power lines Consumption Disposal – Nuclear Waste

28. The Chernobyl Meltdown 26 April 1986 True Nuclear Plant Meltdown 30 people died within 3 months from radiation poisoning 350,000 people permanently evacuated

29. The toll WHO estimates 4,000 deaths, other reports estimate much higher premature cancer deaths. A large area, including major cities, is evacuated

34. Summary Of all human activities agriculture and energy production are probably the two most significant factors affecting the environment There are great differences in the environmental impact of different methods of energy production

35. Study Questions In the process of making food on the farm to getting it to your dinner table is most of the energy consumed? In the home in refrigeration and preparation. In comparing the energy needed to produce 1 ton of food, what group livestock, capture fisheries, aquaculture or crops has the lowest energy requirements? Crops. What is the definition of EROI energy returned on investment? It is the ratio of the energy contained in food divided by the energy it took to produce that food. Of the major sources of energy, nuclear, oil, gas, coal, solar, wind, what are the three most important in the US energy supply? Oil, Gas and Coal. What is the dominant use of nuclear power? Electricity generation What form of energy is used most in residential and commercial use. Natural Gas. What form of energy production causes the most deaths in the world per unit of energy produced? Coal List two environmental impacts associated with coal transportation? Energy used in transport and human deaths from collisions with coal trains. List 5 environmental impacts of oil production. Oil spills, pollution from drilling muds, energy used, air pollution, habitat lost from rigs, deforestation from seismic lines, increase in human activity in remote regions What is hydraulic fracturing? Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) involves injecting water and other materials deep into the ground to fracture geological layers and release natural gas. List the three biggest concerns about nuclear power and its impact on the environment? Nuclear accidents, the interconnection between nuclear power and nuclear weapons, and the disposal of nuclear waste. What was the name and location of the world’s worst nuclear accident. Chernobyl in the Ukraine on near the border with Belarus.