2.  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. Computer Concepts 2 Topics

3. Computer Concepts 3  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.1The System Unit 3.2Input Devices 3.3Output Devices 3.4Network Adapters 3.5Digital Data 3.6Storage Options Chapter Summary

4. Computer Concepts 4 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.1The System Unit

5. Computer Concepts 5 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.1The System Unit…continued  Power supply  in a tower or desktop the power supply is positioned at the back of the unit  a notebook or tablet is powered by a charged battery or the power adapter when the power adapter is plugged into a power outlet

6. Computer Concepts 6 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.1The System Unit…continued  Motherboard: the main circuit board in the computer

7. Computer Concepts 7 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.1The System Unit…continued  The motherboard includes the CPU, memory, expansion slots, and circuitry attached to ports that are used to plug in external devices  expansion cards: plug into an expansion slot on the motherboard  data buses: wires where data travels between the components on the motherboard to the CPU and memory

8. Computer Concepts 8 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.1The System Unit…continued  CPU: performs the processing cycle and is often referred to as the “brain” of the computer  parallel processing: having multiple microprocessor chips (more than one CPU chip on the motherboard), or a multi-core processor (one CPU chip separated into independent processor cores)

9. Computer Concepts 9 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.1The System Unit…continued  instruction cycle: involves the CPU retrieving, decoding, executing, and storing an instruction  clock speed: the speed at which a CPU operates and is measured in the number of instruction cycles the CPU can process per second  gigahertz (GHz): 1 billion cycles per second  Level 1 (L1) cache: cache memory stored closest to the CPU  Level 2 (L2) cache: secondary cache memory either stored on the CPU chip or built on the motherboard  Level 3 (L3) cache: usually built on the motherboard and feeds the L2 cache

10. Computer Concepts 10 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.1The System Unit…continued  Memory: on the motherboard are two types of memory:  read-only memory (ROM): used for storing instructions that the computer uses that do not change BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System  random-access memory (RAM): temporary memory where data and instructions are stored while processing and is erased when power is turned off

11. Computer Concepts 11 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.1The System Unit…continued  Port: the connectors used to plug in external devices  universal serial bus (USB) port: the most common type of port  USB hub: used to increase the number of USB ports

12. Computer Concepts 12 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.2Input Devices  A wireless keyboard and/or mouse can be used with any computer device  a wireless receiver is plugged into a computer’s USB port and connects with the wireless keyboard and mouse

13. Computer Concepts 13 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.2Input Devices…continued  Notebooks include a built-in keyboard while some tablets and smartphones may or may not have integrated keyboards that are built in or slide out  Some tablets and smartphones display a keyboard onscreen that you use by tapping the onscreen keys with your fingers or a stylus

14. Computer Concepts 14 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.2Input Devices…continued  Mouse: a device used to point, select, and manipulate objects on the screen  Touchpad: on notebooks, located below the keyboard and is used in place of a mouse

15. Computer Concepts 15 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.2Input Devices…continued  Touch-enabled displays (touchscreens): for accepting input  stylus: a digital pen

16. Computer Concepts 16 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.2Input Devices…continued  Scanner: a device that uses optical technology to analyze text and/or images and convert them into data that can be used by a computer  Bar code readers: optically scan barcodes to identify products in warehouses or at checkout counters  QR (Quick Response) codes: a type of barcode that looks like a matrix of black square dots  Magnetic strip readers: can read data from the magnetic strip on the backs of cards

17. Computer Concepts 17 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.2Input Devices…continued  Biometric scanners: used to identify people by individual human characteristics such as a fingerprint, iris, or voice pattern  Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) readers: scan an embedded RFID tag to identify an object

18. Computer Concepts 18 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.2Input Devices…continued  Camcorders: digital video cameras that capture live video and audio  Webcam: a video camera built into a video display screen or plugged in as a peripheral

19. Computer Concepts 19 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.2Input Devices…continued  Microphone: can be used in conjunction with software to create a digital audio file from voice input or other sounds captured by the device  Voice recognition technology (speech recognition technology): used to recognize voice commands as input for hands-free operation

20. Computer Concepts 20 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.2Input Devices…continued  Gaming systems accept input using a variety of methods such as wired or wireless game controllers, joysticks, and motion sensors

21. Computer Concepts 21 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 1 1.Which of the following is NOT found inside a system unit? a.Motherboard b.Power supply c.RAM d.USB flash drive 3.A notebook computer senses finger movement from this device and moves the pointer. a.Touchpad b.Special purpose keys c.Biometric scanner d.Stylus 4.A smartphone can scan this type of matrix of black dots that usually directs the computer to display a website. a.UPC code b.QR code c.Magnetic strip d.RFID tag 2.Additional circuit boards that add functionality are plugged into the motherboard in these slots. a.Data bus b.Expansion c.Parallel processing d.BIOS

22. Computer Concepts 22 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.3Output Devices  Video displays: electronic devices that present information from a computer visually  desktop PCs connect a device called a monitor

23. Computer Concepts 23 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.3Output Devices…continued  Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD): a flat-panel technology in various sizes upward from 20 inches  Light-Emitting Diode (LED) displays: consume less energy  Plasma displays: provide truer color representation  Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED): a newer technology that does not require backlighting, making them energy efficient for any device that runs off battery power

24. Computer Concepts 24 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.3Output Devices…continued  Resolution: the number of picture elements (pixels) that make up the image shown on the display screen

25. Computer Concepts 25 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.3Output Devices…continued  Video display projector (VDP): used when a computer’s output needs to be projected on a large screen when making presentations to groups  Interactive whiteboard: displays the computer’s output on a large whiteboard

26. Computer Concepts 26 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.3Output Devices…continued  Audio output from the computer is heard through the computer’s internal speakers, external speakers, or headphones  Bluetooth headset: can be paired with a smartphone to enable the user to hear a conversation when making and receiving voice calls

27. Computer Concepts 27 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.3Output Devices…continued  Hard copy: printed copies of computer output

28. Computer Concepts 28 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.3Output Devices…continued

29. Computer Concepts 29 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.4Network Adapters  Network adapter (network card): any device used to connect a computer to a network  Protocols: a set of rules that define how data is exchanged between two devices

30. Computer Concepts 30 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.4Network Adapters…continued  Ethernet refers to the type of cable used to connect two devices and the data transfer speed that the media can support

31. Computer Concepts 31 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.4Network Adapters…continued  Wi-Fi adapter (802.11 protocol): communicates with a wireless access point or wireless router using radio frequencies to transfer data  external wireless adapters: have built-in radio transmitters and receivers to allow you to connect to a wireless modem or wireless router  USB wireless adapter (USB dongle or USB mobile broadband stick): most common type of external wireless adapter  wireless ExpressCard adapter: plugs into a narrow slot on a notebook or other mobile device  Bluetooth: a communications technology for short range

32. Computer Concepts 32 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 2 1.This newer technology is expected to eventually replace screens in portable devices because it does not require backlighting. a.LED b.Plasma c.OLED d.LCD 3.A wired network adapter is referred to as this type of port. a.USB b.Wi-Fi c.ExpressCard d.Ethernet 4.A wireless USB adapter is sometimes referred to by this term. a.USB dongle b.USB pendrive c.USB memory stick d.USB flash drive 2.This term refers to the measurement of horizontal and vertical pixels used to make up an image on a video display screen. a.Plasma b.Bytes c.Pixelation d.Resolution

33. Computer Concepts 33 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.5Digital Data  Binary system: only two possible values exist—0 and 1  bit: the smallest unit for digital data in the binary system

34. Computer Concepts 34 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.5Digital Data…continued  Bits are used to measure speed for transmitting data on the Internet  for broadband, average speeds are measured in megabits per second (Mbps)  Some ISPs put a limit on your monthly data transfer capacity  File: the collection of bytes that comprise the document  File name: the unique name that you assign to the document when you save it

35. Computer Concepts 35 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.5Digital Data…continued

36. Computer Concepts 36 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.6Storage Options  Storage device: a piece of hardware with the means to write new data to and read existing data from storage media  often referred to as drives

37. Computer Concepts 37 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.6Storage Options…continued  Hard disk (hard drive, hard disk drive, or HDD): internal and usually the largest storage device on a standalone PC  assigned drive letter C on Windows- compatible computers  External hard disk drive: a storage device that you attach to the computer as a peripheral using a USB or FireWire port

38. Computer Concepts 38 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.6Storage Options…continued  Solid-state drive (SSD): newer type of hard disk drive technology used in portable computers  uses flash memory: chip-based technology where data is stored electronically on a chip instead of magnetically like a traditional HDD  Network drives: hard disk drives installed in a network server and made available to users who have been granted access to the server’s storage with their user name and password  USB flash drive: a portable storage device that contains flash memory inside the case

39. Computer Concepts 39 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.6Storage Options…continued  Optical disc: a CD, DVD, or Blu-ray disc

40. Computer Concepts 40 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 3.6Storage Options…continued  Flash memory card: a small card that contains one or more flash memory chips (similar to SSDs and USB flash drives)  Cloud computing: involves accessing software and storage services from the Internet  Storage capacities continue to grow to meet demands by consumers and businesses to store increasing amounts of data

41. Computer Concepts 41 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 3 1.This is the term used to refer to data represented as a series of 0s and 1s. a.Microprocessing b.Binary system c.Character recognition d.Random access memory 3.An internal hard disk drive is usually referred to by this drive letter in a standalone PC. a.A b.B c.C d.G 4.Solid-state drives use this type of technology. a.Flash memory b.Laser memory c.Optical memory d.Magnetic memory 2.Internet speed is measured in this type of unit. a.Bytes per second b.Megabits per second c.Terabytes per second d.Kilobytes per second

42. Computer Concepts 42 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. Chapter Summary  After successfully completing this chapter, you are now able to: Recognize and explain the purpose of the major components in a system unit List and recognize various types of input devices List and recognize various types of output devices Identify network adapters for connectivity purposes Understand how data is represented on a computer State various options for storage and storage capacities