1. ALLERGY Nada AL-Juaid

2. Definition  It is an appropriate and harmful immune response to normally harmless substances.  It is usually caused by allergen (antigen).  Allergic reactions occur when a person's immune system reacts to normally harmless substances in the environment.

3. What is Allergen  Allergen:  is any substance that can cause an allergy.  allergen is an antigen capable of stimulating a immune system.antigen.

4. Examples of allergen:  dust mite excretion  pollen, pet dander and saliva  Food  insects  drugs  chemicals and latex dust mite pollen

5. Mechanism of allergic reaction

6. Video concept of allergy

7. 1- Respiratory diseases:  Asthma: wheezing, coughing and hard breathing.  Allergic rhinitis : sneezing, rhinorrhoea, nasal blockage and itching in nose, mouth, ears and eyes.  Sinusitis: face and teeth pain, headache, nasal discharge and blockage.  Nasal polyps: nasal discharge and blockage, headache, hard breathing, snorting and decrease the sense of smell.

8. Sinusitis Nasal Polyps

9. 2- Dermatological diseases: Urticaria : redness and itching. Eczema: skin rash, redness and itching. Angioedema : swelling nose,eyes tongue, neck, throat and lips. Urticaria Angioederma

10. Other diseases  Allergic conjunctivitis: redness of eye, itching, prickling and eye teary eyes. grass pollens, it is known as "hay fever Allergic conjunctivitis

11. Other diseases 3) gastroenteropathy : nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdomean pain. 4) Anaphylactic shock: is a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death.allergic reaction  symptoms including an itchy rash, throat swelling, and low blood pressure etc…blood pressure  Common causes include insect bites/stings, foods, and medications.

12. Allergy diagnosis 1. Patient history: 2. Physical examination 3. Laboratory test (in vivo-in vitro)

13. Laboratory test (in vivo)  In vivo test( skin prick test SPT) "puncture testing" :

14. Step of skin prick test SPT 1. Choose area of healthy skin( volar surface of arm or in back). 2. Clean the area with alcohal swab. 3. Mark the area by pin to indicate the sites of each test. 4. Add drop of allergen solution (pollen, grass, mite proteins, peanut extract, etc.) on the skin marked with pen. 5. A small needle is used to puncture or prick the skin, without bleeding, only on epidermal surface.

15. Laboratory test (in vitro)  Radioallergosorbent test is a blood test used to determine to what substances a person is allergic.allergic

16. Laboratory test (in vitro)

18. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_E http://drugline.org/medic/term/radioallergosorbent-test/ http://colegiul-medicilor.ro/rast-radio-allergo-sorbent-test