1. Today’s class 1. Housekeeping  Any extra credits to turn in?  Quiz 1 review: range was 4 to 20  Oral presentations – review of expectations, rubric  Preparation for marijuana debate for next class 2. Mythbusting – interview your partner and report out 3. Homework #2 – Public Service announcement (due 5/2/16)

2. 2 What are psychoactive drugs? “…Any chemical substance which, when taken into the body, alters its function physically and/or psychologically....” (World Health Organization, 1989) “…any substance people consider to be a drug, with the understanding that this will change from culture to culture and from time to time.” (Krivanek, 1982) “…Any substance that directly alters the normal functioning of the central nervous system....” (Darryl Inaba)

3. 3 What are psychoactive drugs? Psychoactive drugs interact with the central nervous system (CNS) affecting: mental processes and behaviour perceptions of reality level of alertness, response time, and perception of the world

4. 4 Classifying psychoactive drugs DepressantsStimulantsHallucinogens AlcoholAmphetaminesLSD, DMT BenzodiazepinesMethamphetamineMescaline OpioidsCocainePCP SolventsNicotineKetamine BarbituratesKhatCannabis (high doses) Cannabis (low doses) CaffeineMagic mushrooms MDMA

5. 5 Uppers Stimulants Cocaine (freebase; crack); Amphetamines (crystal, speed, adderall) Plant-based (Khat) Caffeine; Nicotine Physical Effects Excessive Central Nervous System stimulation Alert; increased heart rate; increased blood pressure; decreased appetite

6. 6 Downers Opiates/Sedatives/Alcohol opium heroin Oxycodone/hydrocodone Benzodiazapines/Xanax/Klonopin/Ambien Physical Effects Depress central nervous system Slows heart rate; diminishes pain Induces sleep Dulls senses

7. 7 All Arounders MDMA LSD psilocybin-shrooms Ketamine PCP Physical Effects Affects serotonin Sensory distortions Hallucinations Visceral sensations – sight/hearing/taste Psychedelics

8. 8 Guidelines for Student Oral Presentations 1. Held on April 11, 18, 25 2. Pick one: heroin/opioids, alcohol/tobacco, meth/cocaine 3. 8-10 presentations per class. Each one is 5-8 minutes. You can use powerpoint, white board, or free talk. Be ready! 4. If slides, bring it on memory stick or email to self. We will load slides before class and at break. 5. If white board/free talk, prepare 1-2 page handout for class. 6. Presenters Sign-up for a topic. Critically present information on a topic. It is not your opinion. You need to educate, raise awareness, issue a call to action! Introduction, your points, conclusion Practice facilitation skills. Prep 2-3 questions for class discussion. 7. Audience - Evaluate the presentations – see rubric. Participate in a dialogue. 8. An example – my presentation on marijuana

9. You must cite your sources! Sources for your oral presentation 1.National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) 2.Materials from syllabus 3.National Household Survey on Drug Use and Health – focus on the nation, California, Los Angeles http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUH- FRR1-2014/NSDUH-FRR1-2014.pdf http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUH- FRR1-2014/NSDUH-FRR1-2014.pdf 4.SAMHSA Behavioral Health Barometer - http://store.samhsa.gov/product/Behavioral-Health- Barometer-2014/SMA15-4895 http://store.samhsa.gov/product/Behavioral-Health- Barometer-2014/SMA15-4895 5.Other credible research resources 9

10. Rubric for Student Oral Presentations 10

11. Rubric for Student Oral Presentations 11

12. Marijuana debate format 12 Break into 3 groups and use 15 minutes to… Debaters: prep your case, choose arguments, choose 2 speakers, decide roles for “strategists” Judges: review criteria, choose timekeeper, prep for note-taking, consider your expectations, review types of logical fallacies

13. Marijuana debate format 13 3 min 2 min Speaker 1 Speaker 2 pick 2 minute break between each segment to strategize with your team

14. Peer review of marijuana debate 14

15. Rhetorical Triangle Credibility (ethos) Emotion (pathos) rhetorical triangle Reason (logos) 15 Aristotle defined rhetoric as “an ability, in each particular case, to see the available means of persuasion” (Aristotle Rhetoric I.1.2, Kennedy 37). For more information on rhetoric see https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/625/03/

16. Types of Logical Fallacies 1.Slippery slope 2.Hasty generalization 3.Post hoc ergo propter hoc 4.Genetic fallacy 5.Begging the claim 6.Circular argument Go to the podcast called “Philosophize This!” and listen to episode # 73 on logical fallacies and how to win an argument at http://www.philosophizethis.org/how-to-win-an-argument-pt-1/ http://www.philosophizethis.org/how-to-win-an-argument-pt-1/ You can read about logical fallacies here https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/659/03/https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/659/03/ 16 7.Either/or 8.Ad hominem 9.Ad populum 10.Red herring 11.Straw man 12.Moral equivalence

17. Mythbusting Find a partner. Ask your partner: 1. What did you investigate and why? 2. What did you conclude? 3. What evidence did you find to support your conclusion? 4. What was your process for investigating the statement? 5. Did you discover a myth/fact you’d like to share with the class?