1. The Failure of Popular Sovereignty Bleeding Kansas

2. Flashback to Missouri Compromise “KANSAS SHOULD BE A FREE STATE!”

3. The Transcontinental Railroad  To fully take advantage of Manifest Destiny, Americans start to push for a railroad that will connect the country from East Coast to West Coast  North and South fight over where to put the railroad

4. The Gadsden Purchase Franklin Pierce’s Secretary of War Jefferson Davis sends James Gadsden to purchase this land from Mexico for $10 Million- opens up Southern railroad route.

5. Stephen Douglas

6. The Kansas-Nebraska Act- 1954  Repealed the Missouri Compromise  Created 2 territories- Kansas and Nebraska  Slavery in both territories would be determined by popular sovereignty  Nebraska would most definitely be a free state while Kansas could possibly be a slave state  Bill pushed through by Stephen Douglas

7. The Kansas Nebraska Act

8. Reaction to Kansas-Nebraska  Supported by all Southerners and some Northern Democrats  Supported by President Franklin Pierce (Dem)  Most Northerners are furious- We had a deal with the Miss. Compromise  Creates controversy across the country

9. Other Effects:  Divides Northern Democrats  Divides and destroys the Whig Party  Most importantly- leads to the creation of the Republican Party

10. Popular Sovereignty= Epic Fail  The vote in Kansas is extremely corrupt and ends up being for pro-slavery  1,500 registered voters and 6,307 votes are cast  Border Ruffians cross the border from Missouri to illegally vote

11. 1 Territory but 2 Governments  Pro-Slavery supporters set up a government in Lecompton  Anti-Slavery supporters set up a government in Topeka  Pierce supports pro-slavery government (Big Surprise)

12. The Sack of Lawrence  Pro-Slavery posse attacks free staters city  Burn governors house, destroy printing press, and try to intimidate free staters (only death was pro slavery raider who was crushed by ceiling)

13. John Brown and the Pottawatomie Massacre  Brown and 4 sons drag pro slavery supporters from their homes and hack them to death with broadswords.  Leaves their mutilated bodies as a warning to others

14. The Beating of Charles Sumner  Charles Sumner gives a speech “The Crime Against Kansas” where he attacks Andrew Butler and his mistress slavery (crude references)  Preston Brooks (nephew) is angry and vows revenge  Walks up to Sumner and beats him at his desk

15. Sumner a Martyr, Brooks a Hero Brooks sent over 1000 canes from Southerners- “Hit em again”

16. The Legacy of Bleeding Kansas  Lecompton Constitution voted down even with President Buchanan’s support  Kansas becomes a free state in 1861 after secession begins  John Brown becomes a controversial hero for the North  North/South tensions at an all time high- Civil War is inevitable