1. Topographic Maps

2. Gradient The rate of change from place to place within the field is called the gradient. It is also called the ____________________. What is the gradient formula? Slope

3. What is a Topographic Map? A map that shows elevation of Earth’s surface by means of contour lines. Allows us to study Earth’s three dimensional surface in two dimensions.

4. Contour Lines Forms of isolines because they connect points of equal value (elevation). Measured in distances above or below sea level. Allow us to measure the elevation of mountains, depths of the ocean, and Steepness of slopes.

5. Contour Intervals The difference in elevation between two side by side contour lines. Close contour lines = steep slope.

6. Depression Lines Tell us when an area is going down in elevation.

7. Index Intervals Make the map less cluttered and easier to readMake the map less cluttered and easier to read Thicker and BolderThicker and Bolder

8. Rivers and Streams When contour lines cross a stream or river, they bend upward toward higher elevations. When contour lines cross a stream or river, they bend upward toward higher elevations. The “V” points upstream. The “V” points upstream.

10. Contours and more! Topographic maps show us more than just contour lines. The map includes symbols that represent features such as rivers and streams, streets, buildings, and vegetation. Map legends explain what the symbols on the map represent. Legends

11. 1. What is the contour interval of the map?

12. 2. What is the elevation of location A? 20 m 10 m

13. 3. What is the elevation of the following locations: 10 m 0 m 40 m 50 m 20 m 30 m

14. 4. What is the highest possible elevation of point F? 50 m 60 m 70 m 71-79 m

15. 5. Which general compass direction is Copper Creek flowing between points M and N? Explain The “V”’s point opposite of stream flow!

16. 6. Explain how the map shows that Copper Creek is flowing faster between points N and M than between points L and K. The contour lines are closer together between M and N indicating a steep slope.

17. 7. Write the formula for gradient below.

18. 8. What is the elevation of the following points: 10 m 50 m

19. 10. Calculate the gradient between points B and C and label your answer with the correct units. W: S: Gradient = 50 m – 10 m 2 km S: Gradient = 40 m 2 km = 20.0 m/km

20. 11. Calculate the gradient between points B and E and label your answer with the correct units. W: S: Gradient = 50 m – 10 m 5 km S: Gradient = 40 m 5 km = 8.0 m/km 10 m 50 m

21. 12. Calculate the gradient between points E and F and label your answer with the correct units. W: S: Gradient = 75 m – 50 m 1 km S: Gradient = 25 m 1 km = 25.0 m/km 70 m50 m Point F is between 71 m-79 m

22. August 2008

24. June 2008

25. January 2008