1. 8 th grade English

2. Definition Rhetorical Devices – is an artful arrangement of words to achieve a particular emphasis and effect. It consists of two categories: Rhetorical Schemes Rhetorical tropes

3. Aristotle Says Logos Appeals to the head using logic, numbers, explanations, and facts. Through Logos, a writer aims at a person's intellect. The idea is that if you are logical, you will understand. Ethos Appeals to the conscience, ethics, morals, standards, values, principles. Pathos Appeals to the heart, emotions, sympathy, passions, sentimentality.

4. Vocabulary Rhetorical fallacies – an argument that is not sound but may still be convincing Caricature – a distortion of characteristics or defects of a person or thing, either in a picture or in words Leading question – a question worded to suggest the desired response (e.g., What do you think of the horrible effects of socialism?) Loaded term – a term or phrase that has strong emotional overtones and that is meant to evoke strong reactions beyond the specific meaning (e.g., tax relief instead of tax cut, or death tax instead of estate tax) Incorrect premise – a faulty idea that is used as the foundation of an argument False assumption – flawed ideas that emerge when a reader pieces information together solely by inference and fails to consider other possible interpretations

5. Logic – is a method used to structure clear and effective arguments. The strongest arguments are based on reasoning or logical thinking. Logical Fallacies – errors in reasoning. In logical fallacy, the speaker or writer makes an appeal to logic, but the logic is flawed. Assumption – is an idea offered without proof of whether it is true or false. Assumptions are often the basis of evidence supporting a proposition. An assumption may or may not be stated correctly. Premise – is a general statement in an argument. An incorrect premise is a false statement, When an argument is based on an incorrect premise, it cannot be logical. Bandwagon – making people feel that everyone believes something or is doing something Name Calling – Making People feel that those who believe or do something different are bad so that they don’t pay attention to the reasoning.

6. Testimonial – making people feel they should so something because a well-known or Respected person does it. Snob Appeal – Making people feel that they should do something because the “best” People do it. Persuasion – is the art of influencing other. Sometimes the writer uses mainly facts, Reasons, and examples to accomplish this purpose. However, sometimes the writer tries cloud the reader’s judgment.