2.  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. Computer Concepts 2 Topics

3. Computer Concepts 3  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.1Introduction to the Operating System (OS) and the OS Functions 4.2Popular Operating Systems for Computing Systems 4.3Popular Operating Systems for Mobile Devices 4.4Embedded Operating Systems and Cloud Operating Systems 4.5Utilities in Your OS Package for Maintaining System Performance 4.6Using Operating System Tools to Troubleshoot Computer Problems Chapter Summary

4. Computer Concepts 4 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.1Introduction to the Operating System (OS) and the OS Functions  System software: includes the operating system that is designed to work with the hardware as well as a set of utility programs  operating system (OS) program: provides the user interface that allows you to work with the computer, manages all of the hardware resources, and provides the platform for managing files and application programs

5. Computer Concepts 5 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.1Introduction to the Operating System (OS) and the OS Functions…continued

6. Computer Concepts 6 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.1Introduction to the Operating System (OS) and the OS Functions…continued  Booting: starting a computer  cold boot: turning on a computer that has been shut off  warm boot: restarting a computer without turning off the power  kernel: the core of the OS that manages memory, devices, and programs and assigns resources

7. Computer Concepts 7 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.1Introduction to the Operating System (OS) and the OS Functions…continued

8. Computer Concepts 8 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.1Introduction to the Operating System (OS) and the OS Functions…continued  Functions: Providing a User Interface  user interface (UI): the means with which you interact with the computer  graphical user interface (GUI): presents visual images that you tap or click to tell the OS what you want to do  command-line interface: where you type commands on the keyboard at a prompt to tell the OS what to do

9. Computer Concepts 9 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.1Introduction to the Operating System (OS) and the OS Functions…continued  Functions: Managing Application Programs and Memory, and Coordinating the Flow of Data  virtual memory: the hard disk space allocated to store RAM contents

10. Computer Concepts 10 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.1Introduction to the Operating System (OS) and the OS Functions…continued  Functions: Configuring Hardware and Peripheral Devices  drivers: small computer programs that contain the instructions the OS uses to communicate and route data to/from a device  Plug and Play: when you plug in a new device, the OS searches the device for the driver, loads it, and displays a message when the device is ready to use

11. Computer Concepts 11 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.1Introduction to the Operating System (OS) and the OS Functions…continued  Functions: Providing a File System  the OS keeps track of the files stored on a computer’s storage devices and provides tools for managing those files

12. Computer Concepts 12 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.1Introduction to the Operating System (OS) and the OS Functions…continued  Functions: Software Updates and Security  software often needs to be updated as program fixes, security enhancements, and new or modified device drivers become available

13. Computer Concepts 13 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.2Popular Operating Systems for Computing Systems  Computing platform: the combination of hardware architecture and software design that allows applications to run  When you purchase a new computing device, an operating system is preinstalled so that the device will work when you turn it on

14. Computer Concepts 14 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.2Popular Operating Systems for Computing Systems…continued  Windows: created by Microsoft Corporation; the most popular operating system

15. Computer Concepts 15 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.2Popular Operating Systems for Computing Systems…continued  Mac OS: a proprietary OS created by Apple, Inc.

16. Computer Concepts 16 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.2Popular Operating Systems for Computing Systems…continued  UNIX: an operating system that has been around since the late 1960s and is designed for servers  Linux: created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and is based on UNIX  open source program: the source code is available to the public and can be freely modified or customized

17. Computer Concepts 17 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 1 1.Which of the following is NOT a function of the operating system? a.Provides a user interface b.Booting c.Configures hardware devices d.Manages memory 3.Which of the following is NOT one of the popular operating systems for standalone computers? a.iOS b.Windows c.UNIX d.Linux 4.Linux is based on which other operating system? a.Windows b.Mac OS X c.UNIX d.Chrome OS 2.This term describes the process of automatically installing a device driver when new hardware is plugged into the computer. a.Soft boot b.Virtual memory c.Driver d.Plug and Play

18. Computer Concepts 18 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.3Popular Operating Systems for Mobile Devices  Mobile operating system: an operating system designed specifically for a mobile device  apps: small application programs managed by a mobile OS  the OS is stored on a ROM chip  designed to manage hardware and applications with less memory than a personal computer operating system, yet runs fast and efficiently  often manages input from a touchscreen and/or voice command and routes data to/from wireless connections including web browsing

19. Computer Concepts 19 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.3Popular Operating Systems for Mobile Devices…continued  Android: the OS is based on Linux, making it an open source OS  currently enjoys the highest market share for mobile devices  Open Handset Alliance: a consortium of several mobile technology companies of which Google is a member  Android Open Source Project (AOSP): led by Google and maintains and develops Android

20. Computer Concepts 20 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.3Popular Operating Systems for Mobile Devices…continued  iOS: developed by Apple as the mobile operating system for its iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad

21. Computer Concepts 21 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.3Popular Operating Systems for Mobile Devices…continued  BlackBerry OS: developed by Research in Motion (RIM) as the operating system designed for BlackBerry devices

22. Computer Concepts 22 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.3Popular Operating Systems for Mobile Devices…continued  Windows Phone: developed by Microsoft as the mobile operating system that replaced its earlier OS, Windows Mobile, which was used on Windows smartphones  live tiles stream updates to the user’s mail, calendar, and web apps

23. Computer Concepts 23 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.4Embedded Operating Systems and Cloud Operating Systems  Embedded operating system: smaller and interacts with fewer resources to perform specific tasks fast and reliably

24. Computer Concepts 24 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.4Embedded Operating Systems and Cloud Operating Systems…continued  Windows Embedded: a family of operating systems based on the familiar Windows operating system designed for use in a variety of devices  Embedded Linux: applications that can be found running smart appliances, in-flight entertainment systems, personal navigation systems, and a variety of other consumer and commercial electronics  Android: an operating system based on Linux and is a popular choice for electronic devices beyond smartphones such as tablets, set-top boxes, and netbooks

25. Computer Concepts 25 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.4Embedded Operating Systems and Cloud Operating Systems…continued  Cloud operating systems: operating systems that operate like a virtual desktop  web-based operating systems: not true operating systems (such as Windows) because you still need a standalone operating system on the computer you are using to access the web browser

26. Computer Concepts 26 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.4Embedded Operating Systems and Cloud Operating Systems…continued  iCloud: Apple’s iCloud is built into every new iOS device

27. Computer Concepts 27 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.4Embedded Operating Systems and Cloud Operating Systems…continued  Chrome OS: Google’s Chrome OS is a Linux-based operating system available on specific hardware called Chromebooks

28. Computer Concepts 28 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 2 1.This mobile operating system currently enjoys the highest market share. a.iOS b.BlackBerry OS c.Windows Phone d.Android 3.This term describes an operating system designed for a device that performs a specific task, such as an ATM or a GPS. a.Open source operating system b.Embedded operating system c.Cloud operating system d.Standalone operating system 4.This term describes an operating system that operates like a virtual desktop where you access all files and applications using a web browser. a.Server operating system b.Embedded operating system c.Standalone operating system d.Cloud operating system 2.This mobile operating system displays a live tile interface. a.Android b.Windows Phone c.BlackBerry OS d.iOS

29. Computer Concepts 29 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.5Utilities in Your OS Package for Maintaining System Performance  Windows Explorer: the file manager in Windows 7  File Explorer: the file manager in Windows 8  Folder: a placeholder name for the location where you want to store related files

30. Computer Concepts 30 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.5Utilities in Your OS Package for Maintaining System Performance…continued  Disk Cleanup: a Windows utility that allows you to scan a particular storage device or drive to select various types of files to be deleted

31. Computer Concepts 31 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.5Utilities in Your OS Package for Maintaining System Performance…continued  Fragmentation: the clusters needed for a document are not stored adjacent to each other  Disk defragmenter: rearranges the fragmented files back together to improve file retrieval speed and efficiency

32. Computer Concepts 32 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.5Utilities in Your OS Package for Maintaining System Performance…continued  Backup utility: a program that allows you to back up selected files or an entire disk to a removable storage medium  Restore utility: open if you need to copy files from backup storage to a disk drive to recover the original state of the files

33. Computer Concepts 33 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.6Using Operating System Tools to Troubleshoot Computer Problems  Action Center: a good place to begin when something is not working

34. Computer Concepts 34 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.6Using Operating System Tools to Troubleshoot Computer Problems…continued  System Restore: a way for you to turn back the clock to when the computer was functioning normally

35. Computer Concepts 35 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 4.6Using Operating System Tools to Troubleshoot Computer Problems…continued  Help and Support: operating systems offer extensive help and support that you can search to find answers to most questions and issues

36. Computer Concepts 36 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 3 1.This utility program is used to remove unwanted files from your computer. a.Windows Explorer b.Disk Defragmenter c.Optimize Drives d.Disk Cleanup 3.Open this window to view messages that describe issues the OS has detected. a.Help and Support b.Action Center c.System Restore d.Windows Explorer 4.You can undo a recent change made to your computer, such as installing a new driver, by opening this window. a.Disk Cleanup b.Windows Explorer c.Help and Support d.System Restore 2.This utility program is used to increase disk efficiency by rearranging files that have been split up. a.Optimize Drives b.Disk Defragmenter c.Disk Cleanup d.Windows Explorer

37. Computer Concepts 37 Topics  Paradigm Publishing, Inc. Chapter Summary  After successfully completing this chapter, you are now able to: Identify system software and describe the role an operating system fulfills in computer operations List and describe the major functions of operating system software Identify the operating systems in use for personal computers and mobile devices Explain the purpose of an embedded operating system and a cloud operating system Describe and explain common utility programs used to maintain a computer Use troubleshooting tools found in the operating system to solve computer problems