1. Unit 3: Drugs Mr. Ross Brown Brooklyn School for Law and Technology

2. How do different types of drugs affect us? 21 March 2016 Do now: With what different types of drugs would a crime scene investigator be interested?

3. How do different types of drugs affect us? Drug: a natural or synthetic substance used to produce psychological or physiological effects in humans or other higher order animals. Age-adjusted rates for drug-poisoning deaths, by type of drug: United States, 2000–2013

4. How do different types of drugs affect us? Drug dependence – Psychological dependence – Physical dependence – Some drugs are more likely to develop dependence Alcohol Heroin Amphetamines Cocaine – Some less likely Marijuana

5. How do different types of drugs affect us?

6. Homework #2 21 March 2016 Why do some people develop drug dependencies more quickly than others?

7. How do different types of drugs affect us? 22 March 2016 Do now: Drugs from natural sources are safer to use than drugs that are synthesized in labs: True or False?

8. How do different types of drugs affect us? Narcotics – From a Greek word meaning lethargy or sluggishness – Classified as drugs that bring relief from pain and produce sleep – Narcotics are analgesics. They relieve pain by exerting a depressing force on the central nervous system. This can lead to a physical dependence.

9. How do different types of drugs affect us? Source is opium from poppies

10. How do different types of drugs affect us? Morphine, made from opium – Important painkiller Heroin, derived from morphine

11. How do different types of drugs affect us? 23 March 2016 Do now: If you were president, in what ways would you try to change the drug laws in the US?

12. How do different types of drugs affect us? Hallucinogens – Cause alterations in normal thought processes, perceptions, and moods – Marijuana Most widely used illegal drug in the US Cannabis sativa

13. How do different types of drugs affect us? Marijuana has been used legally and illegally for thousands of years We also get hemp from the marijuana plants

14. How do different types of drugs affect us? Marijuana grows wildly in many climates 5-15 feet tall, odd number of leaflets on leaves The active ingredient is called _________________, abbreviated as _______. tetrahydrocannabinol THC

15. Homework #2 23 March 2016 What is the name of the active ingredient in marijuana that is responsible for its hallucinogenic properties? How do we abbreviate the name?

16. How do different types of drugs affect us? 24 March 2016 Do now: Compare the way cocaine makes a user feel with the way marijuana makes the user feel.

17. How do different types of drugs affect us? Other hallucinogens – Lysergic acid diethylamide – Psilocybin – Methylenedioxymethamphetamine LSD Mushrooms MDMA / Ecstasy

18. How do different types of drugs affect us? Effects of some hallucinogens – Extremes of emotions – Laughing or crying

19. What are the choices with which we are faced regarding drug use? What are the consequences? – Read and complete worksheet. Please work with your tablemates.

20. How do different types of drugs affect us? 29 March 2016 Do now: What do you think are some reasons alcoholism is such a big problem in the US?

21. How do different types of drugs affect us? Depressants – Alcohol Yes, it is a drug! – Depresses the central nervous system – Small amount suppress judgement, memory, concentration – Suppresses thought control and muscle coordination – In the US, >100 million consumers, >$100 billion

22. How do different types of drugs affect us? Alcohol

23. How do different types of drugs affect us? Barbituates – Downers – Suppress functions of CNS Tranquilizers – Treat anxiety – Valium, etc – High dependency rates Inhalants

24. How do different types of drugs affect us? 30 March 2016 Do now: What are some legal stimulants? What are some illegal stimulants?

25. How do different types of drugs affect us? Stimulants – Stimulate the central nervous system – Amphetamines (speed) – Synthetic drugs – Feeling of well-being and alertness – This is followed by fatigue and appetite loss

26. How do different types of drugs affect us? Cocaine – Freud said “exhilaration and lasting euphoria.” – At one time medical applications: painkiller and anesthetic

27. How do different types of drugs affect us? 31 March 2016 Do now: What do we mean by “club drugs?”

28. How do different types of drugs affect us? Cocaine – Usually mixed with a base – The base can be removed for greater potency. It is then often smoked as “freebase” or “crack.”

29. How do different types of drugs affect us? Club Drugs – MDMA (Ecstasy), GBH, Rohypnol (Roofies) – Strong depressants mixed with stimulants – Strong muscle relaxants (and there’s the danger)

30. How do different types of drugs affect us? Anabolic steroids – Synthetic, related to male hormone testosterone – Stimulates male secondary characteristics and muscle growth – Can result in liver cancer, diminished sex drive, unpredictable behavior, violence

31. How can we best regulate the abuse of drugs? 1 April 2016 Clear your desks and prepare for today’s exam JK, April Fool’s. Do now: What is the best way to limit the abuse of prescription drugs?

32. How can we best regulate the abuse of drugs? Controlled Substances Act – Five schedules of classification for controlled dangerous substances on the basis of a drug’s potential for abuse, potential for physical and psychological dependence, and medical value. – Penalties for unauthorized sale, manufacture, or possession are related to this schedule, too.

33. How can we best regulate the abuse of drugs?

35. Schedule I: high potential for abuse, no currently accepted medical use in the US, lack accepted safety for use – Heroin, LSD Schedule II: high potential for abuse, a currently accepted medical use (possibly with restrictions,) potential for severe psychological or physical dependence. – Opium, PCP, amphetamines

36. How can we best regulate the abuse of drugs? Schedule III: less potential for abuse and are currently accepted for use in the US. Potential for low or moderate physical dependence or high psychological dependence. – Barbiturates, steroids Schedule IV: low potential for abuse (relative to Schedule III) and limited dependence – Tranquilizers

37. How can we best regulate the abuse of drugs? Schedule V: low potential for abuse, medical use in the US, low potential for dependence. – Certain opiates that are non-narcotic

38. How can we best regulate the abuse of drugs? Drugs not covered by the Controlled Substances Act: – Designer drugs – Similar, perhaps stronger effects, but not exactly the same – Fentanyl

39. How can we best regulate the abuse of drugs? Drug identification – Precision – It either is or it isn’t What is it? 1.Screening to reduce possibilities 2.Pinpointing and confirming drug’s identity

40. How can we best regulate the abuse of drugs? Color tests – Useful for screening, not valid for confirmation – Marquis (2% formaldehyde in sulfuric acid) turn purple in presence of heroin – Dillie-Koppanyi (1% cobalt acetate in methanol, followed by 5% isopropylamine in methanol) turns violet-blue in presence of barbiturates – Duquenois-Levine (mixture of 2% vanillin and 1% acetaldehyde in ethyl alcohol, then concentrated hydrochloric acid, then chloroform) turns purple if the vegetation is marijuana

41. How can we best regulate the abuse of drugs? Chromatography:

42. Homework #3 4 April 2016 Drug regulation tends to focus on punishment. What is one incentive schools could implement to help students stay away from drugs, including marijuana and steroids?

43. How can we best regulate the abuse of drugs?