1. Forklifts, Aerial & Scissor Lift Safety Remember gravity kills
Operator Awareness
BEWARE
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2. AERIAL LIFTS
Purpose: Lifts are a better way to reach overhead areas and are safer than ladders. However, there are safety precautions that must be followed.
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3. Aerial Lifts ANSI standard definition includes:
Extensible boom platforms
Aerial ladders
Articulating boom platforms
Vertical towers
A combination of any of the above
Scissor lifts do not fall within any of these categories
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
The OSHA standard applicable to aerial lifts used in construction is found at 29 CFR
That standard incorporates by reference the definition of aerial lifts used in the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A standard.
Therefore, the requirements in § apply to equipment identified in that 1969 ANSI consensus standard as aerial lifts.
The ANSI standard definition includes the following vehicle-mounted elevating and rotating work platforms: "extensible boom platforms," "aerial ladders," "articulating boom platforms," "vertical towers," and "a combination of any of the above.”
Of note is that scissor lifts, including those with platforms that extend beyond the equipment's wheelbase, do not fall within any of these categories.
Therefore, scissor lifts are not addressed by the aerial lift provisions of 3

4. Forklift Training
Pierce County
HAZARDS / PRECAUTIONS
Work platform is to be used by trained and authorized operators only. It is the operators responsibility to:
Read and understand all caution and danger warnings and operating manual.
Perform daily maintenance inspection.
Have all worn or damaged parts replaced.
Fasten entry gate/chain/bar.
Use work platform only on hard level surfaces.
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Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

5. Lockout/Tagout
De-energize and lockout/tagout aerial lifts before performing any maintenance or repairs.
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
De-energize and lockout/tagout aerial lifts before performing any maintenance or repairs. 5

6. Struck-by, Crushed-by, or Caught-in Hazards
Establish and clearly mark a danger zone:
Never move the equipment with workers in the elevated platform
Do not allow workers to position themselves between overhead hazards, and the rails of the basket
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
Establish and clearly mark a danger zone around the aerial lift support vehicle.
Never move the equipment with workers in the elevated platform unless the equipment has been specifically designed for this type of operation.
Do not allow workers to position themselves between overhead hazards, such as joists and beams, and the rails of the basket.
If the basket moves, the worker(s) could become trapped and crushed between the rails and the overhead object. 6

7. Working Near Power Lines
Any conductive object that can be contacted must be maintained at least 10 feet from overhead lines:
Conductive objects could be wires, transformers, ducts, pipes, or other equipment
Maintain a minimum clearance of at least 10 feet away from the nearest overhead line
Always treat overhead lines as energized, even if they are down or appear to be insulated
Never lose awareness of the overhead hazard
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
Maintain a minimum clearance of at least 10 feet away from the nearest overhead line.
In addition, any conductive object that can be contacted must be maintained at least 10 feet from overhead lines.
Conductive objects could be wires, transformers, ducts, pipes or other equipment.
Always treat overhead lines as energized, even if they are down or appear to be insulated. (Qualified power line and communications workers and qualified line-clearance tree trimmers are trained to work closer than 10 feet to a power line.)
Never lose awareness of the overhead hazard. 7

8. Fall Protection
Employees shall stand firmly on the floor of the basket:
Shall not sit or climb on the edge of the basket
Shall not use planks, ladders, or other devices for a work position
While working in a bucket or basket, workers must wear fall protection equipment with the lanyard connected to an anchor point on the boom or bucket/basket
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
Belting off to an adjacent pole, structure, or equipment while working from an aerial lift shall not be permitted.
Employees shall always stand firmly on the floor of the basket, and shall not sit or climb on the edge of the basket or use planks, ladders, or other devices for a work position.
While working in a bucket or basket, workers must wear fall protection equipment with the lanyard connected to an anchor point on the boom or bucket/basket.
Mechanical failures have resulted in buckets flipping or separating from the boom, causing workers to fall. Incidents also have occurred in which line trucks have been struck by passing vehicles, launching a worker out of the bucket. 8

9. FALL PROTECTION
Scissors Lifts (SKYJACK Mobile Elevating Work Platform)
Fall protection is not required unless the railing has been removed.
Aerial Lifts (articulating & telescoping boom lifts)
Fall protection is required due to potential for being bounced out of lift or from climbing out of the basket.
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10. BATTERY CHARGING Battery changing and charging
Keep flames and sparks away. DO NOT smoke near batteries.
Wear protective apron, gloves, and goggles when working with batteries.
Immediately flush eyes with cold water if electrolytic acid is splattered into them.
Turn Emergency Power Disconnect Switch to “OFF”.
Connect charger AC plug to proper voltage source.
Charge batteries. DO NOT leave charger unattended for more than two consecutive days. Severe overcharging and battery damage will result if charger fails to turn off.
Disconnect charger from power source.
Normal charging will take hours.
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11. Refresher training required:
New equipment.
Change in work place conditions.
Accident or near miss.
Observed operating in unsafe manner.
Note: Performance test must be repeated every 3 years

12. Students Operating Lifts

13. Components of a Forklift Truck

14. Know Your Equipment Controls Adjustments Load Rating Turning radius
Forklift Training
Pierce County
Know Your Equipment
Controls
Adjustments
Load Rating
Turning radius
Balance points
Overhead clearance
Side Clearance
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

15. How does a forklift work?

16. Stability Triangle - Figure 1
Vehicle Center of
Gravity (Unloaded) B A
Center of Gravity
of Vehicle and
Maximum Load
(Theoretical) C
Notes:
1. When the vehicle is loaded, the combined center of gravity (CG) shifts toward line B-C. Theoretically the maximum load will result in the CG at the line B-C. In actual practice, the combined CG should never be at line B-C.
2. The addition of additional counterweight will cause the truck CG to shift toward point A and result in a truck that is less stable laterally.

17. Side Stability Ability of forklift to resist tipping sideways
Affected by:
How high the load is lifted
Levelness of the surface
Amount of backward tilt of the forks
Wheelbase (distance between sets of wheels)

18. Side Stability Long and narrow forklifts Short and wide forklifts
Operate in tight spaces
Difficult to tip forward
Can easily tip sideways
Short and wide forklifts
Can turn sharper
Support load sideways
Can easily tip forward if load is lifted and tilted forward

19. Stability Triangle - Figure 2
Load CG
Load CG
Vertical
Stability
Line
(Line of Action)
Combined CG
Combined CG
Vertical
Stability
Line
(Line of Action)
Truck CG
Truck CG
This vehicle is unstable and
will continue to tip over
The vehicle is stable

20. Forklift Baskets:
No working
from
Pallets!

21. Maintain Safe Working Clearance
Minimum 10 feet clearance
50 kV or less
Add .5 inches for every kV over 50 kV
100 kV – 15 feet
350 kV – 20 feet
500 kV – 25 feet

22. If contact occurs: Stay on the machine if possible.
Do not touch metal
Warn all others to stay away.
Assume “hot” you could get a reset.
Notify power company immediately.
Attempt to move away but assure line is not “connected”.

23. Bail out procedures Difficult to do! Do NOT face machine
Jump with your feet together
Do not touch the machine
Hop or shuffle out of the area
Difficult to do!

24. Rated Capacity All forklifts have a rated capacity
Amount of weight they can lift
Determined by the manufacturer
Load must be as close as possible to drive wheels

25. Where a load sits is as important as
Load Center
Distance from the heels of the forks to load’s center.
Capacity is usually rated on load center of 24 inches.
If >24 inches the rated capacity is reduced.
Rated capacity found on identification plate or Owner’s Manual
Where a load sits is as important as
how much it weighs!

26. How do I test a load’s weight?
Lift the load 1 to 2 inches.
Make sure load feels stable and rear wheels are in firm contact with the floor.
If everything is operating properly and the steering seems normal, it is safe to move the load.
It is your responsibility to know how
much the load weighs!

27. Forklift Training
Pierce County
Pre-Check
Conduct a safety check at the start of each day or the first time you use the equipment for the day.
Completion of the Checklist ensures YOUR safety
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

29. Forklift Training
Pierce County
Safety Rules
Operate fork trucks only in designated areas with adequate ventilation.
Do not exceed the floor load rating.
Secure (tie down) unstable loads before starting the vehicle.
Keep arms and legs inside the fork truck structure, except when signaling for turns or stops.
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

30. Safety Rules Do not jump from a moving fork truck.
Forklift Training
Pierce County
Safety Rules
Do not jump from a moving fork truck.
Make sure that there is adequate clearance before passing under or between structures.
Maintain indoor speed under 5 mph and outdoor speed under 15 mph.
Yield to pedestrians.
Do not carry passengers.
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

31. Safety Rules Tilt the mast back before traveling
Forklift Training
Pierce County
Safety Rules
Tilt the mast back before traveling
Stay at least three vehicle lengths back when following another fork truck.
Maintain forks about 4 to 6 in. (10 to 15 cm) off the driving surface when traveling.
Do not attach slings, cables, or chains to the forks to lift materials or objects from underneath them.
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

32. Safety Rules When forward vision is obscured, drive in reverse
Forklift Training
Pierce County
Safety Rules
When forward vision is obscured, drive in reverse
Do not leave a fork truck parked with an elevated load.
Do not park a fork truck without turning off the power, placing all the controls in the neutral position, and setting the brake.
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

33. Safety Rules Observe all traffic signals.
Forklift Training
Pierce County
Safety Rules
Observe all traffic signals.
Do not use a fork truck to tow or push other fork trucks, another vehicle, or other equipment.
Use pneumatic-wheel fork trucks for irregular terrain and when traveling on streets.
Use hard-wheel fork trucks indoors only.
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

34. Forklift Training
Pierce County
Safety Rules
Place tines as wide as possible for the load and lock them in place to prevent sideways movement.
Never add a counterweight. Know the weight of the load.
Do not exceed the fork truck's rated capacity.
Do not lift material or equipment you are unfamiliar with.
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

35. Use your seatbelt at all times!
Forklift Training
Pierce County
Use your seatbelt at all times!
Why It Matters...
Minimizes injuries and saves lives
The safest place for a forklift operator to be in the event of a rollover is strapped into his/her seat & protected by the ROP.
Investigators of forklift fatalities almost always list,
"Ensure that all workers wear seat belts on forklifts"
as a recommendation for preventing future accidents.
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

36. Restricted View Your view is restricted by the cage and the mast
Forklift Training
Pierce County
Restricted View
Your view is restricted by the cage and the mast
Drive slowly and watch for:
Pedestrians
Equipment
Drop-offs
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

37. Ramps - Loaded Always ensure load is against the back rest
Forklift Training
Pierce County
Ramps - Loaded
Always ensure load is against the back rest
Drive UP the ramp with the load uphill
Back DOWN ramps
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

38. Ramps – Unloaded When Unloaded Drive forward down ramps.
Forklift Training
Pierce County
Ramps – Unloaded
When Unloaded
Drive forward down ramps.
Drive backwards up the ramp for better view of dock area. Also, pedestrians in the dock area will hear your backup alarm
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

39. Ramp Hazards Never turn sideways on a ramp or inclined area
Forklift Training
Pierce County
Ramp Hazards
Never turn sideways on a ramp or inclined area
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

40. Parking Forks fully lowered Engine Off Parking Brake Set
Forklift Training
Pierce County
Parking
Forks fully lowered
Engine Off
Parking Brake Set
Park on level area
Don’t Block Exits
Take the keys
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

41. Entering When Entering a doorway: Watch overhead & side clearance
Forklift Training
Pierce County
Entering
When Entering a doorway:
Watch overhead & side clearance
Use horn to warn others
GO SLOW!
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

42. Entering Trucks Before entering a truck Check dock boards.
Forklift Training
Pierce County
Entering Trucks
Before entering a truck
Check dock boards.
Check interior of truck.
Ensure trailer wheels are chocked.
Check tractor not attached or keys are controlled.
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

43. Forklift Training
Pierce County
Refueling
Fuel gasoline, diesel, and propane fork trucks outdoors only.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).
Close the valve for the propane bottle while the engine is running to consume all gas in the line.
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

44. Forklift Training
Pierce County
Non-Hazardous Areas
Specific types of forklifts are for use only in non-hazardous locations. These forklifts are not suitable for use in hazardous areas because they have minimum acceptable safeguards against fire hazards.
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

45. Non-Hazardous Area Types
Forklift Training
Pierce County
Non-Hazardous Area Types
Type D Forklifts are diesel-powered units that have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards.
Type E Forklifts are electrically powered units that have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire and electrical shock hazards.
Type G Forklifts are gasoline-powered units that have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards.
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

46. Forklift Training
Pierce County
Non Hazardous Types
Type G/LP Forklifts operate on either gasoline or liquefied petroleum gas and have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards.
Type LP Forklifts are liquefied petroleum gas-powered units that have minimum acceptable safeguards against inherent fire hazards.
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

47. Forklift Training
Pierce County
Hazardous Areas
Specific types of forklifts are for use in hazardous locations.
Potentially hazardous locations are those where metal dusts, organic dusts, flammable vapors, and gases may be present in the atmosphere. Indoor use of internal combustion-powered fork trucks requires verification that safe limits of carbon monoxide emissions are not exceeded.
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

48. Forklift Training
Pierce County
Hazardous Area Types
Type DS Forklifts - diesel-powered with additional safeguards for exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems. These forklifts also meet all the requirements for Type D units.
Type DY Forklifts - diesel-powered units with all the safeguards of the Type DS unit. No electrical equipment--including ignition. Equipped with temperature limitation features.
Type ES Forklifts - electrically powered – have additional safeguards for electrical system to prevent sparks and limit surface temperatures. ES Type meet requirements for Type E units.
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

49. Forklift Training
Pierce County
Hazardous Area Types
Type EE Forklifts - electrically powered units - all electrical equipment completely enclosed. These forklifts also meet all the requirements for Types E and ES units.
Type EX Forklifts - electrically powered - units may be used in atmospheres containing specifically named flammable vapors, dusts, and, under certain condition, fibers.
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

50. Forklift Training
Pierce County
Hazardous Area Types
Type GS Forklifts -gasoline-powered - additional safeguards for the exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems. These forklifts also meet the requirement for Type G units.
Type GS/LPS Forklifts - gasoline or liquefied petroleum gas - safeguards for the exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems.
Type LPS Forklifts - liquefied petroleum gas - safeguards for exhaust, fuel, and electrical systems. These forklifts may be used in some locations where the use of an LP unit may not be suitable.
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

51. Forklift Training
Pierce County
Ensuring a Safe Ride
Only YOU the Operator can ensure the forklift is operated safely.
Conduct a Pre-Check.
Know your route of travel.
Don’t use un-safe equipment.
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation

52. Final Note . . . . . . . . . Safe Operation depends on YOU!
Forklift Training
Pierce County
Final Note
Safe Operation depends on YOU!
Know your equipment
Follow the safety rules
Know your load
Jodi L. Traas, Aegis Corporation